|
Swarcliffe, originally the Swarcliffe Estate, is a district of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is east of Leeds city centre, and within the LS14 Leeds postcode area. In the 1950s, the Swarcliffe housing estate was developed by the city council which built two and three-bedroomed semi-detached council houses, a number of three-storey blocks containing 12 flats or more, and three brick-built nine-storey blocks of flats. Two of the blocks of flats were demolished in the 1990s and an old people's home was built on the site. In 2007, the remaining block was demolished. The previous year, six of seven fifteen-storey high-rise blocks of flats, built in 1966 as part of the Whinmoor estate, were demolished. Swarcliffe is served by Swarcliffe Primary School and Nursery, Grimes Dyke Primary School and St. Gregory’s Youth & Adult Centre. Stanks Fire Station provides a service to more than 42,452 people. Swarcliffe has a dwindling number of public houses and shops. Great and Little Swarcliffe Woods lie within the boundaries of the estate. The area is being regenerated by Yorkshire Transformations; a private finance initiative, which is a partnership between Leeds City Council and two private sector companies: Carillion and the Bank of Scotland. The MP for the Leeds East constituency from 1955 to 1992 was Denis Healey who represented the Labour Party. He was succeeded by the present Labour MP, George Mudie. In 2009, the population of Swarcliffe and Stanks was 6,751, of which 4,544 were considered to be "hard-pressed", or experiencing financial difficulty. ==History== The Battle of the Winwaed, between the army of the Christian king Oswiu of Bernicia and the pagan army of King Penda of Mercia, took place in 655 AD, according to Bede, although some historians favour 654 or 656. The actual site of the battle is disputed, but one possibility is that the River Winwaed is now the Cock Beck; to the east of Swarcliffe.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Anglo-Saxon West Yorkshire:The historical background )〕 The battle is remembered in the names of Pendas Way, a street south of Swarcliffe, and the nearby Pendas Fields estate. After the Norman Conquest in 1066, William the Conqueror granted the parish of Whitkirk, which included Seacroft, to Ilbert de Lacy of Pontefract, whose descendants held the title of Earl of Lincoln. The parish was subsequently leased by the de Lacys to the Somerville family. During the English Civil War in 1643, Lord Goring's Royalist army defeated the Parliamentarians under Sir Thomas Fairfax at the Battle of Seacroft Moor.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Battle of Seacroft Moor – 30 March 1643 )〕 In the 1820s, Swarcliffe and Stanks were part of the Barwick-in-Elmet parish. The name ''Stanks'' derives from a French word meaning ponds or pools of putrid water.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913 + 1828) )〕 Before the Swarcliffe Estate was built, the area contained Winmore Lodge (renamed Winn Moor Lodge in 1893), Penwell House, Hill Top, Spikeland Nook, Swarcliffe Farm,〔In 1997, Alan Noble, the church warden of St James’ Church, Seacroft, remembered moving to a tied cottage in Taylors Yard in 1926, when his father was employed by Mr. Presious; the owner of Swarcliffe Farm. From: ''Memories of Seacroft as a Village 1926 to 1947'', a pamphlet by Alan Noble. Published by Seacroft St James' PCC. 1998〕 and a parochial school on Stanks Lane South/Barwick Road, which was replaced by Windsor Terrace before 1892.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Swarcliffe/Seacroft/Stanks maps from 1849 to 1991) )〕 The Leeds to Halton Dial road was turnpiked in 1751. Tolls were collected at the Penny Toll; a toll house on York Road, at the north-eastern border of the area.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=List of Turnpike Trusts )〕 This road is the A64 Leeds to York road 〔 The toll house was owned by Sir Thomas Gascoigne, whose agents charged one penny per pair of wheels, which was "a considerable sum", according to the historian, Ralph Thoresby, who visited the area in 1702. In 1886, the property was owned by Colonel Frederick Trench-Gascoigne, of Parlington Hall, Aberford, who rented it out for three pounds, fourteen shillings and sixpence a year. Gascoigne owned and rented out a number of houses, coal mines, woodland and farm land in Seacroft, Whinmoor, Barnbow, Garforth, Barwick-in-Elmet, Cross Gates, and Scholes. The toll house was situated north of a cottage and a 19th-century granite-built windmill, which is now part of the Britannia Hotels Leeds hotel.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Welcome to the Britannia Leeds hotel )〕 In the mid-1800s, Isaac Chippindale, who lived at Windmill Farm, started the Scholes Brick and Tile Works on Wood Lane, on the border with Scholes. The company's quarry produced high quality bricks which were used to build many houses in the surrounding area.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Seacroft History )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Isaac Chippindale & Sons, brick and tile manufacturers )〕 Its kilns and house were demolished in the early 1980s, leaving two small fishing lakes, but the site is still known as "Chippy's Quarry". The Leeds to Wetherby Railway had a station at Scholes and passed under the turnpike to the northeast. The line was built by the North Eastern Railway and ran past the eastern border of Swarcliffe and Stanks. It opened on 1 May 1876 and closed in 1964.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Leeds to Wetherby )〕 Services were withdrawn as part of the Beeching Axe; an informal name for the British Government's attempt to reduce the cost of running British Railways in the 1960s.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Development Of The Major Railway Trunk Routes )〕 In 1874, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners published a report which noted that two new parishes would be delineated by "an imaginary line commencing at the point where the boundary dividing the said new parish of Seacroft from the new parish of Manston aforesaid crosses the footpath leading from Seacroft through Little Swarcliffe Plantation to Wood Laith Lane"—leading from the Cock Beck to Scholes; now called Wood Lane. In 1812, the title Squire of Seacroft was held by the Wilson family: the last member of which was Squire Darcy Bruce Wilson. According to the 1891 census, he lived at Seacroft Hall with his sister, Louisa, and five servants: a footman, cook, kitchen maid and two housemaids.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Seacroft Hall, view across the lake )〕 He was a Master of Arts, Barrister at Law, Justice of the peace, and a captain in the Yorkshire Hussars.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Darcy Bruce Wilson (1851–1936) )〕 After his death at Seacroft Hall in 1936, his nephew sold the family estate to Leeds Corporation one year later.〔 The hall was demolished in 1953, and its ornamental lake was filled in to make way for Parklands Girls' High School.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Seacroft Hall, view across the lake )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Parklands Girls' High School )〕 Templar Villas, a cluster of semi-detached Victorian houses, was built on Templar Lane/Barwick Road before 1893, and a row of large houses was built on Templar Lane before 1908. Between 1938 and 1952, private houses were built on the north side of Barwick Road, between Stanks Lane South and the Cock Beck.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Swarcliffe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|