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}} |other_name = |nickname = |settlement_type =Prefecture-level city |total_type = |motto = |image_skyline = Shantou Montage.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = From top:Zhengguo Temple, Renmin Square, Queshi Bridge, Shantou overview. |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Guangdong subdivisions - Shantou.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Shantou City jurisdiction in Guangdong |pushpin_map = China |pushpin_label_position = right |pushpin_map_caption = Location in China |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Guangdong |seat_type = Municipal seat |seat = Jinping District |parts_type = |parts_style = |parts = |p1 = |p2 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title =CPC Committee Secretary |leader_name =Chen Maohui (陈茂辉) |leader_title1 =Mayor |leader_name1 =Zheng Renhao (郑人豪) |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title1 = |established_date1 = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |founder = |named_for = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 2,248.39 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = 7,385.2 |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 51 |elevation_ft = |elevation_max_m = |elevation_min_m = |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 5,389,328 |population_density_km2 =auto |population_metro = 11,535,677 |population_density_metro_km2 =auto |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_blank1_title =Major Nationalities |population_blank1 =Han |timezone = China Standard |utc_offset = +8 | coor_type = |latd= 23 |latm= 21 |latNS=N |longd=116 |longm=40 |longEW=E |coordinates_region = CN-44 |coordinates_display = inline, title |postal_code_type =Postal Code |postal_code =515000, 515041 |area_code =754 |blank_name =License Plate Prefix |blank_info =D |website = http://www.shantou.gov.cn/ |footnotes = }} Shantou (), also known as Swatow〔From postal romanization〕 or Santow,〔Transliterated from its Cantonese pronunciation and the pronunciation of its own local dialect〕 is a prefecture-level city on the eastern coast of Guangdong province, People's Republic of China, with a total population of 5,391,028 as of 2010 and an administrative area of . Shantou has direct jurisdiction over six districts and one county, and the six urban districts of Shantou have a population of 5,330,764. With it and the surrounding cities of Jieyang and Chaozhou, the metropolitan region known as Chaoshan covers an area of , and had a permanent population of 13,937,897 at the end of 2010. It's built up area spread of 11 districts was home to 11,635,577 inhabitants at the 2010 census.〔http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-guangdong-admin.php〕 Shantou, a city significant in 19th-century Chinese history as one of the treaty ports established for Western trade and contact, was one of the original Special Economic Zones of the People's Republic of China established in the 1980s, but did not blossom in the manner that cities such as Shenzhen, Xiamen and Zhuhai did. However, it remains eastern Guangdong's economic centre, and is home to Shantou University, a member of the Project 211 group. ==History== Shantou was a fishing village part of Tuojiang Du (鮀江都), Jieyang County (揭陽縣) during the Song Dynasty. It came to be Xialing (廈嶺) during the Yuan Dynasty. In 1563, Shantou was a part of Chenghai County (澄海縣) in Chao Prefecture (Chaozhou). As early as 1574, Shantou had been called Sha Shan Ping (沙汕坪). In the seventeenth century, a cannon platform called Shashantou Cannon (沙汕頭炮臺) was made here, and the placename later was shortened to "Shantou". Locally it has been referred to as Kialat. Connecting to Shantou across the Queshi Bridge is Queshi (礐石) which had been known by the local people through the 19th century as Kakchio. It was the main site for the American and British Consulates. Today the area is a scenic park but some of the structures are somewhat preserved from its earlier history. In 1860, Shantou became a trading port.〔(汕头1860的记忆 )〕 It became a city in 1919, and was separated from Chenghai in 1921. 1922 saw the devastating Swatow Typhoon, which killed 5,000 out of the 65,000 people then inhabiting the city. Some nearby villages were totally destroyed. Several ships near the coast were totally wrecked.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Selga Chronology Part II: 1901-1934 )〕 Other ones were blown as far as two miles inland.〔 The area around the city had around another 50,000 casualties.〔 The total death toll was above 60,000, and may have been higher than 100,000.〔 In the 1930s, as a transport hub and a merchandise distribution centre in Southeast China, Shantou Port's cargo throughput ranked third in the country. A brief account of a visit to the city in English during this period is the English accountant Max Relton's ''A Man in the East: A Journey through French Indo-China'' (Michael Joseph Ltd., London, 1939). On June 21, 1939, Japanese troops invaded Shantou.〔(日军入侵 汕头沦陷 )〕 Japanese force occupied Shantou until 1945.〔(侵汕日军投降日 汕头人民欢天喜地庆祝胜利 )〕 With higher-level administrative authority, Shantou governed Chaozhou City and Jieyang City from 1983 to 1989. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shantou」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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