|
| official_languages = | demonym = Swazi | capital = Mbabane }} | latd=26 |latm=19 |latNS=S |longd=31 |longm=8| longEW=E | largest_city = Mbabane | government_type = Unitary parliamentary absolute monarchy | leader_title1 = King | leader_name1 = Mswati III | leader_title2 = ''Ndlovukati'' | leader_name2 = Ntfombi Tfwala | leader_title3 = Prime Minister | leader_name3 = Sibusiso Dlamini | legislature = Parliament of Swaziland | upper_house = Senate | lower_house = House of Assembly | sovereignty_type = Independence | established_event1 = from the United Kingdom | established_date1 = 6 September 1968 | area_rank = 157th | area_magnitude = 1 E10 | area_km2 = 17,364 | area_sq_mi = 6,704 | percent_water = 0.9 | population_estimate = 1,119,000〔 | population_estimate_rank = 154th | population_estimate_year = 2015 | population_census = 1,018,449 | population_census_year = 2007 | population_density_km2 = 68.2 | population_density_sq_mi = 176.8 | population_density_rank = 135th | GDP_PPP = $10.869 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Swaziland )〕 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_year = 2015 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,714〔 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $4.305 billion〔 | GDP_nominal_year = 2015 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,847〔 | Gini_year = 2015 | Gini_change = decrease | Gini = 49.5 | Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Swaziland - Country partnership strategy FY2015-2018 )〕 | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2013 | HDI_change = steady | HDI = 0.530 | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 148th | currency = Swazi lilangeni | currency_code = SZL | country_code = | time_zone = SAST | utc_offset = +2 | time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = | drives_on = left | calling_code = +268 | cctld = .sz }} Swaziland, officially the Kingdom of Swaziland ( or ; Swazi: ''Umbuso weSwatini'' ; sometimes called kaNgwane or Eswatini), is a sovereign state in Southern Africa. It is neighboured by Mozambique to its east and by South Africa to its north, west and south. The country and its people take their names from Mswati II, the 19th-century king under whose rule Swazi territory was expanded and unified. At no more than north to south and east to west, Swaziland is one of the smallest countries in Africa. Despite its size, however, its climate and topography is diverse, ranging from a cool and mountainous highveld to a hot and dry lowveld. The population is primarily ethnic Swazis whose language is siSwati. They established their kingdom in the mid-18th century under the leadership of Ngwane III; the present boundaries were drawn up in 1881. After the Anglo-Boer War, Swaziland was a British protectorate from 1903 until 1967. It regained its independence on 6 September 1968. The country is an absolute monarchy, currently ruled by ''Ngwenyama'' ("King") Mswati III. He is head of state and appoints the country's prime ministers and a number of representatives of both chambers (Senate and House of Assembly) in the country's parliament. Elections are held every five years to determine the House of Assembly majority. The current constitution was adopted in 2005. Swaziland is a developing country with a small economy. Its GDP per capita of $9,714 means it is classified as a country with a lower-middle income.〔 As a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), its main local trading partner is South Africa. Swaziland's currency, the lilangeni, is pegged to the South African rand. Swaziland's major overseas trading partners are the United States and the European Union. The majority of the country's employment is provided by its agricultural and manufacturing sectors. Swaziland is a member of the Southern African Development Community, the African Union and the Commonwealth of Nations. The Swazi population faces major health issues: HIV/AIDS and, to a lesser extent, tuberculosis are serious challenges.〔(Swaziland: Dual HIV and Tuberculosis Epidemic Demands Urgent Action ) updated 18 November 2010〕 As of 2013, Swaziland has an estimated life expectancy of 50 years. The population of Swaziland is fairly young with a median age of 20.5 years and people aged 14 years or younger constituting 37.4% of the country's total population. The present population growth rate is 1.195%.〔〔(United Nations World Population Prospects: 2006 revision ), Table A.8.〕 Swaziland is well known for its culture. ''Umhlanga'', held in August/September and ''incwala'', the kingship dance held in December/January, are the nation's most important events. == History == (詳細はStone Age 200,000 years ago have been found in the Kingdom of Swaziland. Prehistoric rock art paintings date from c. 25,000 BC and continuing up to the 19th century can be found in various places around the country. The earliest known inhabitants of the region were Khoisan hunter-gatherers. They were largely replaced by the Bantu tribes during Bantu migrations who hailed from the Great Lakes regions of eastern and central Africa. Evidence of agriculture and iron use dates from about the 4th century. People speaking languages ancestral to current Sotho and Nguni languages began settling no later than the 11th century.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Swaziland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|