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Sykes–Picot Agreement
The Sykes–Picot Agreement (:ˈsaɪks pi.ko), officially known as the Asia Minor Agreement, was a secret agreement between the governments of the United Kingdom and France, with the assent of Russia, defining their proposed spheres of influence and control in the Middle East should the Triple Entente succeed in defeating the Ottoman Empire during World War I. The negotiation of the treaty occurred between November 1915 and March 1916.〔(The Middle East in the twentieth century, Martin Sicker )〕 The agreement was concluded on 16 May 1916.〔http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS094.pdf p. 8.〕
The agreement effectively divided the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire outside the Arabian peninsula into areas of future British and French control or influence.〔Peter Mansfield, ''British Empire'' magazine, Time-Life Books, no 75, p. 2078〕 An "international administration" was proposed for Palestine.〔Eugene Rogan, The Fall of the Ottomans, p.286〕 The terms were negotiated by the French diplomat François Georges-Picot and Briton Sir Mark Sykes. The Russian Tsarist government was a minor party to the Sykes–Picot agreement, and when, following the Russian Revolution of October 1917, the Bolsheviks exposed the agreement, "the British were embarrassed, the Arabs dismayed and the Turks delighted."〔Peter Mansfield, ''The British Empire '' magazine, no. 75, Time-Life Books, 1973〕
==Territorial allocations==
Britain was allocated control of areas roughly comprising the coastal strip between the sea and River Jordan, Jordan, southern Iraq, and a small area including the ports of Haifa and Acre, to allow access to the Mediterranean.〔(Text of the Sykes–Picot Agreement at the WWI Document Archive )〕 France was allocated control of south-eastern Turkey, northern Iraq, Syria and Lebanon.〔 Russia was to get Istanbul, the Turkish Straits and the Ottoman Armenian vilayets.〔 The controlling powers were left free to decide on state boundaries within these areas.〔 Further negotiation was expected to determine international administration pending consultations with Russia and other powers, including the Sharif of Mecca.〔(Text of the Sykes–Picot Agreement at the WWI Document Archive )〕
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