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''Symphurus'' is a genus of tonguefishes found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Most species mainly occur in relatively shallow water, including estuaries. Some species are also found in deeper water, including ''S. thermophilus'' that lives at hydrothermal vents (the only flatfish known from this habitat).〔Tyler, J. (2005). ''Distribution, population characteristics and trophic ecology of a sulphophilic hydrothermal vent tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae)'' M.Sc. Thesis. University of Victoria: Canada.〕〔Munroe, T.A. and Hashimoto, J. (2008). ''A new Western Pacific Tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae): The first Pleuronectiform discovered at active Hydrothermal Vents.'' Zootaxa 1839: 43–59.〕 ''Symphurus'' species are distinguished by merged dorsal, caudal, and anal fins, the absence of a lateral line and pectoral fins, and the presence of only one pelvic fin. They are sinistral flatfishes, meaning that as adults, their crania are asymmetrical, with both eyes on the left side. The largest species grows to about long. ==Species== The 75 currently recognized species in this genus are: * ''Symphurus arawak'' C. R. Robins & J. E. Randall, 1965 (Caribbean tonguefish) * ''Symphurus atramentatus'' D. S. Jordan & Bollman, 1890 (Inkspot tonguefish) * ''Symphurus atricaudus'' D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1880 (California tonguefish) * ''Symphurus australis'' McCulloch, 1907 * ''Symphurus bathyspilus'' Krabbenhoft & Munroe, 2003 * ''Symphurus billykrietei'' Munroe, 1998 (Kriete's tonguefish) * ''Symphurus callopterus'' Munroe & Mahadeva, 1989 (Chocolate tonguefish) * ''Symphurus caribbeanus'' Munroe, 1991 * ''Symphurus chabanaudi'' Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990 (Chabanaud's tonguefish) * ''Symphurus civitatium'' Ginsburg, 1951 (Offshore tonguefish) * ''Symphurus diabolicus'' Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990 (Devil's tonguefish) * ''Symphurus diomedeanus'' Goode & T. H. Bean, 1885 (Spottedfin tonguefish) * ''Symphurus elongatus'' Günther, 1868 (Elongated tonguefish) * ''Symphurus fasciolaris'' C. H. Gilbert, 1892 (Banded tonguefish) * ''Symphurus fuscus'' A. B. Brauer, 1906 * ''Symphurus gilesii'' Alcock, 1889 * ''Symphurus ginsburgi'' Menezes & Benvegnú, 1976 (Ginsburg's tonguefish) * ''Symphurus gorgonae'' Chabanaud, 1948 (Gorgonian tonguefish) * ''Symphurus hondoensis'' C. L. Hubbs, 1915 * ''Symphurus insularis'' Munroe, Brito & C. Hernández, 2000 * ''Symphurus jenynsi'' Evermann & Kendall, 1907 (Jenyn's tonguefish) * ''Symphurus kyaropterygium'' Menezes & Benvegnú, 1976 * ''Symphurus leei'' D. S. Jordan & Bollman, 1890 (Lee's tonguefish) * ''Symphurus leucochilus'' M. Y. Lee, Munroe & K. T. Shao, 2014 〔Lee, M.-Y., Munroe, T.A. & Shao, K.-T. (2014): Description of a new cryptic, shallow-water tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae: Symphurus) from the western North Pacific Ocean. ''Journal of Fish Biology, 85 (3): 563–585''. 〕 * ''Symphurus ligulatus'' Cocco, 1844 (Elongated tonguesole) * ''Symphurus lubbocki'' Munroe, 1990 * ''Symphurus luzonensis'' Chabanaud, 1955 * ''Symphurus macrophthalmus'' Norman, 1939 * ''Symphurus maculopinnis'' Munroe, J. Tyler & Tunnicliffe, 2011 * ''Symphurus maldivensis'' Chabanaud, 1955 * ''Symphurus marginatus'' Goode & T. H. Bean, 1886 (Margined tonguefish) * ''Symphurus marmoratus'' Fowler, 1934 * ''Symphurus megasomus'' M. Y. Lee, Hong Ming Chen & K. T. Shao, 2009 (Giant tonguefish) * ''Symphurus melanurus'' H. W. Clark, 1936 (Drab tonguefish) * ''Symphurus melasmatotheca'' Munroe & Nizinski, 1990 (Blackstripe tonguefish) * ''Symphurus microlepis'' Garman, 1899 (Smallfin tonguefish) * ''Symphurus microrhynchus'' (M. C. W. Weber, 1913) * ''Symphurus minor'' Ginsburg, 1951 (Largescale tonguefish) * ''Symphurus monostigmus'' Munroe, 2006 * ''Symphurus nebulosus'' Goode & T. H. Bean, 1883 (Freckled tonguefish) * ''Symphurus nigrescens'' Rafinesque, 1810 (Tonguesole) * ''Symphurus normani'' Chabanaud, 1950 (Norman's tonguesole) * ''Symphurus novemfasciatus'' S. C. Shen & W. W. Lin, 1984 * ''Symphurus ocellaris'' Munroe & D. R. Robertson, 2005 (Ringtail tonguefish) * ''Symphurus ocellatus'' von Bonde, 1922 (Double-spot tonguesole) * ''Symphurus oculellus'' Munroe, 1991 * ''Symphurus oligomerus'' Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990 (Spotfin tonguefish) * ''Symphurus ommaspilus'' J. E. Böhlke, 1961 (Ocellated tonguefish) * ''Symphurus orientalis'' Bleeker, 1879 * ''Symphurus parvus'' Ginsburg, 1951 (Pygmy tonguefish) * ''Symphurus pelicanus'' Ginsburg, 1951 (Longtail tonguefish) * ''Symphurus piger'' Goode & T. H. Bean, 1886 (Deepwater tonguefish) * ''Symphurus plagiusa'' Linnaeus, 1766 (Blackcheek tonguefish) * ''Symphurus plagusia'' Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (Duskycheek tonguefish) * ''Symphurus prolatinaris'' Munroe, Nizinski & Mahadeva, 1991 (Halfstriped tonguefish) * ''Symphurus pusillus'' Goode & T. H. Bean, 1885 (Northern tonguefish) * ''Symphurus regani'' M. C. W. Weber & de Beaufort, 1929 * ''Symphurus reticulatus'' Munroe, 1990 * ''Symphurus rhytisma'' J. E. Böhlke, 1961 (Patchtail tonguefish) * ''Symphurus schultzi'' Chabanaud, 1955 * ''Symphurus septemstriatus'' Alcock, 1891 (Sevenband tonguesole) * ''Symphurus stigmosus'' Munroe, 1998 (Blotchfin tonguefish) * ''Symphurus strictus'' C. H. Gilbert, 1905 (Blackbelly tonguesole) * ''Symphurus tessellatus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 * ''Symphurus thermophilus'' Munroe & Hashimoto, 2008 * ''Symphurus trewavasae'' Chabanaud, 1948 (Trewavas' tonguefish) * ''Symphurus trifasciatus'' Alcock, 1894 (Threeband tonguesole) * ''Symphurus undatus'' C. H. Gilbert, 1905 * ''Symphurus undecimplerus'' Munroe & Nizinski, 1990 (Darkcheek tongue) * ''Symphurus urospilus'' Ginsburg, 1951 (Spottail tonguefish) * ''Symphurus vanmelleae'' Chabanaud, 1952 (Vanmelle’s tonguefish) * ''Symphurus variegatus'' Gilchrist, 1903 * ''Symphurus varius'' Garman, 1899 (Mottled tonguefish) * ''Symphurus williamsi'' D. S. Jordan & Culver, 1895 (William's tonguefish) * ''Symphurus woodmasoni'' Alcock, 1889 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Symphurus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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