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The Synanon organization, initially a drug rehabilitation program, was founded by Charles E. "Chuck" Dederich, Sr., (1913–1997) in 1958 in Santa Monica, California, United States. By the early 1960s, Synanon had also become an alternative community, attracting people with its emphasis on living a self-examined life, as aided by group truth-telling sessions that came to be known as the "Synanon Game." Synanon ultimately became the Church of Synanon in the 1970s, and disbanded permanently in 1991 〔(The Cult That Spawned the Tough-Love Teen Industry ), ''Mother Jones'', September/October 2007〕 due to many criminal activities, including attempted murder of which members were convicted, and civil legal problems, including losing its tax free status retroactively with the Internal Revenue Service due to financial misdeeds, destruction of evidence and terrorism.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=synanon - Buscar con Google )〕 It has been called one of the "most dangerous and violent cults America had ever seen." ==Beginnings== Charles Dederich, a reformed alcoholic and a member of Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.), was said to be an admired speaker at A.A. meetings. Those suffering from addictions to illegal drugs, besides alcohol, were considered to be significantly different from alcoholics, and therefore were not accepted into A.A. Dederich, after taking LSD,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Longform: The Man Who Fought the Synanon Cult and Won by Matt Novak )〕 decided to create his own program to respond to their needs. He was said to have coined the phrase "today is the first day of the rest of your life."〔Her life with "One Big Brother", San Jose Mercury News, March 19, 1999, Michael D. Clark〕〔One big dysfunctional family: A former member of the Synanon cult recalls the "alternative lifestyle" that shaped her, for better and worse, Salon Magazine, March 29, 1999, Fiona Morgan〕 After his small group, called "Tender Loving Care," gained a significant following, Dederich incorporated the organization in to the Synanon Foundation in 1958.〔Ofshe, Richard. "The Social Development of the Synanon Cult." Sociological Analysis 41.2 (1980): 109-27. Web.〕 Synanon began as a two-year residential program, but Dederich soon concluded that its members could never graduate, because a full recovery was impossible. The Synanon organization also developed a business that sold promotional items. This became a successful enterprise that for a time generated roughly $10 million per year. In 1959, Synanon moved from their small storefront to an armory on the beach. In 1967, Synanon purchased the ''Club Casa del Mar,'' a large beachside hotel in Santa Monica, and this was used as its headquarters and as a dormitory for those undergoing anti-drug treatment. Later on, Synanon acquired a large industrial building, which had been the home of the Oakland Athletic Club, in Oakland, California, and then transformed it into a residential facility for Synanon's members.〔Janzen, Rod A. The Rise and Fall of Synanon: A California Utopia. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 2001. Print.〕 Outsiders were permitted to attend the "Synanon Game" there as well. Children were reared communally in the Synanon School, and juveniles were often ordered to enroll in Synanon by California's courts. Professionals, even those without drug addictions, were invited to join Synanon. The New York psychiatrist Daniel Casriel M.D., founder of AREBA (today the oldest surviving private addiction treatment centre in the United States) and cofounder of Daytop Village (one of the world’s largest therapeutic communities) visited in 1962 and lived there in 1963 and wrote a book about his experiences.〔"So Fair A House: The story of Synanon" New York: Prentice-Hall. 1963〕 Control over members occurred through the "Game." The "Game" could have been considered to be a therapeutic tool, likened to a form of group therapy; or else to a form of a "social control", in which members humiliated one another and encouraged the exposure of one another's innermost weaknesses, or maybe both of these.〔(Where did it come from? ), Synanon Church and the medical basis for the $traights, or Hoopla in Lake Havasu, by Wes Fager (c) 2000〕 Beginning in the mid-1970s, women in Synanon were required to shave their heads, and married couples were made to break up and take new partners. Men were given forced vasectomies, and a few pregnant women were forced to have abortions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Stephen A. Kent )〕〔(Kids of El Paso ), Timeline 1958-2003 and present-day litigation information.〕 The film director George Lucas needed a large group of people with shaved heads for the filming of his movie ''THX 1138'', and so he hired some of his extras from Synanon. Robert Altman hired members of Synanon to be extras for the gambling scenes in his movie ''California Split''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Synanon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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