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Syncro-Vox
Syncro-Vox (sometimes spelled Synchro-Vox) is a filming method which combines static images with moving images, the most common use of which is to superimpose talking lips on a photograph of a celebrity or a cartoon drawing. It is one of the most extreme examples of the cost-cutting strategy of limited animation. The method was developed by cameraman Edwin "Ted" Gillette in the 1950s in order to simulate talking animals in television commercials. Gillette filed the technique on February 4, 1952, and obtained patent #2,739,505 on March 27, 1956.〔http://freepatentsonline.com/2739505.pdf Method and Means for Producing Composite Talking Picture〕
Because animating a mouth in synchronization with sound was difficult, Syncro-Vox was soon used as a cheap animation technique, such as in the cartoons produced by Cambria Studios: ''Clutch Cargo'', ''Space Angel'', and ''Captain Fathom'', in which actors' lips voicing the scripted dialogue were laid over the animated figures.〔"Don't believe your eyes! How 'Clutch Cargo' cuts corners as a television comic strip", ''TV Guide'', December 24, 1960, pp. 28-29.〕
== Comedic uses ==
Although Syncro-Vox has long since fallen into disuse as a serious animation method (other than the short-lived, and ultimately controversial, ''Mrs. Munger's Class'' shorts of the 1990s), it survives in comedic forms, particularly on late-night talk shows, such as ''Late Night with Conan O'Brien,'' which used the technique from the mid-1990s onward. In these contexts it is often superimposed onto existing live video, rather than onto animation.
A spoof of Cambria Studios' Syncro-Vox cartoons called ''Mr. Incredible and Pals'' was also included as a special feature on the 2005 DVD release of ''The Incredibles'' (2004). The technique was also used in the Barenaked Ladies music video "Thanks, That Was Fun", which combined clips from previous videos with new mouth movements. The talking pirate painting that asks "Are you ready, kids?" in the introduction to ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' cartoons imitates the Syncro-Vox technique with modern animation technology. Also it was featured in the episode "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy VI: The Motion Picture". Other uses of Syncro-Vox were in a pair of episodes of ''Courage the Cowardly Dog'' which featured a talking tree and a talking "spirit of the harvest moon", and in some ''That '70s Show'' episodes imitating Farrah Fawcett and Richard Nixon. Syncro-Vox was again used in the December 20, 2010 episode of ''WWE Raw''.〔http://2xzone.com/archive/publish/results/WWE_Monday_Night_Raw_-_December_20_2010.shtml WWE Monday Night RAW results, December 20, 2010〕〔http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQiEZ5nRffQ The Miz meets the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Future (now removed)〕 during a promo in which The Miz spoofed Charles Dickens' ''A Christmas Carol''. It was also used in the ''Looney Tunes'' short "''Invasion of the Bunny Snatchers''" when a Daffy Duck doppelgänger tells Bugs Bunny he accepted duck season.〔http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=nLvttWXLLWk#t=406s a YouTube video showcasing the short〕 Syncro-Vox is used for most of the characters in ''The Annoying Orange'' (2009–), Têtes à claques, and is common on ''Auto-tune the News.'' A variation of the technique, animated mouths on actual toy action figures, is used on ''Robot Chicken''. In the first ''Star Wars'' special of the aforementioned show, the segment ''Mid-Nite with Zuckuss'' (a parody of the aforementioned ''Late Night with Conan O'Brien'', whose host voiced the titular character) featured an actual use of the Synchro-Vox technique on an "interview" with Emperor Palpatine as a means to mock the latter.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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