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A synecdoche (, ; from Greek συνεκδοχή ''synekdoche'', meaning "simultaneous understanding"〔from the verb ἐκδέχομαι "to take or receive from another" (simplex δέχομαι "to receive"). "συνεκ-δοχή , ἡ, A. ''understanding one thing with another'': hence in Rhet., ''synecdoche'', an indirect mode of expression, ''when the whole is put for a part or vice versa, Quint.Inst. 8.6.19, Aristid.Quint. 2.9, Ps.-Plu.Vit.Hom. 22.''" Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. ''A Greek-English Lexicon''. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1940.〕) is a figure of speech in which a term for a part of something refers to the whole of something, or vice versa.〔(Oxford English Dictionary- synecdoche ), University of Pennsylvania. . (Definition of Synecdoche ), St. Edward's University. (Synecdoche - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary ).〕 A synecdoche is a class of metonymy, often by means of either mentioning a part for the whole, or conversely the whole for one of its parts. Examples from everyday English-language idiomatic expressions include "bread and butter" for "livelihood", "suits" for "businessmen", "boots" for "soldiers", etc.〔(Examples of Synecdoche ) from day to day life〕 It is also often used in government announcements where a building stands in for a government official or agency, such as "No. 10" or "No. 10 Downing Street," the address of same, being used to represent the British Prime Minister, or "The Pentagon," the building housing its headquarters, to represent the United States Department of Defense. ==Definition== Synecdoche is a rhetorical trope and a type of figurative speech similar to metonymy—a figure of speech in which a term that denotes one thing is used to refer to a related thing.〔(Glossary of Rhetorical Terms ), University of Kentucky〕 Indeed, synecdoche is sometimes considered a subclass of metonymy. It is more distantly related to other figures of speech, such as metaphor.〔(Figurative Language- language using figures of speech ), University of West Georgia〕 More rigorously, metonymy and synecdoche can be considered sub-species of metaphor, intending metaphor as a type of conceptual substitution (as Quintilian does in ''Institutio oratoria'' Book VIII). In Lanham's ''Handlist of Rhetorical Terms'', the three terms have somewhat restrictive definitions, arguably in tune with a certain interpretation of their etymologies from Greek: * ''Metaphor'': changing a word from its literal meaning to one not properly applicable but analogous to it; assertion of identity rather than, as with simile, likeness. * ''Metonymy'': substitution of cause for effect, proper name for one of its qualities, etc. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Synecdoche」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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