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Synthes Holding AG (formerly Synthes-Stratec) is a multinational medical device manufacturer based in Solothurn, Switzerland and West Chester, Pennsylvania, United States. It is the world's largest maker of implants to mend bone fractures, and also produces surgical power tools and advanced biomaterials. In June 2012 Synthes was sold by its chairman, former CEO and largest shareholder Hansjörg Wyss to Johnson & Johnson for $19.7 billion in cash and stock.〔(Forebs Profile:Hansjoerg Wyss )〕 It is now part of their DePuy franchise. ==History== Synthes was originally established in 1960 as a trademark of the non-profit institute Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen ((英語:Association for the Study of Internal Fixation), AO/ASIF),〔T. Schlich (2002) Surgery, Science and Industry. A Revolution in Fracture Care, 1950s-1990s (Houndsmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave)〕 The Synthes trademark was applied to internal fixation implants produced under license by its industrial partners, Straumann Group and Mathys Medizinaltechnik.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Company history: 1958-1960 )〕 In 1975 Synthes USA, a firm founded by Harvard graduate Hansjörg Wyss, became the third company to form an alliance with AO/ASIF. Throughout the decade, Straumann and Mathys expanded their coverage around the rest of the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Company history: 1970-1984 )〕 In 1990 Straumann spun off its implant business into a separate privately owned company, Stratec Medical. Stratec partially listed its shares on the SWX Swiss Exchange through an initial public offering six years later, while Synthes USA and Mathys remained in private hands.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Company history: 1990-1996 )〕 Three years later, however, Stratec and Synthes USA merged to form a new publicly traded company named Synthes-Stratec. After the merger Hansjörg Wyss became, and remained (until the sale to Johnson & Johnson) the majority shareholder of the enlarged company. The third of the original AO/ASIF partner companies, Mathys, sold its osteosynthesis department to Synthes-Stratec in 2004, although the firm's German division was divested to satisfy competition authorities. The company subsequently dropped the "-Stratec" suffix to become simply Synthes. The company's shares were added to the benchmark Swiss Market Index for the first time in September 2004. In 2006 the company acquired the rights to the Synthes brand name and most of the related intellectual property, including patents, from the AO/ASIF foundation for around CHF1 billion.〔 〕 AO also acquired a stake in Synthes. The two organisations continue to collaborate on relevant issues. In October 2010, Synthes and its subsidiary Norian both plead guilty to crimes relating to illegally implanting bone cement without FDA approval. Norian will admit to a felony charge of conspiracy to impede FDA functions and pay a $23 million fine. Synthes will then divest Norian. In November 2010, Synthes acquired USA based privately owned surgical tools maker ''The Anspach Effort, Inc''; the purchase price was not disclosed. On April 27, 2011, Synthes and Johnson and Johnson DePuy agreed to a merger deal. The merger created the world's largest orthopedic corporation.〔http://www.synthes.com/html/News-Details.8013.0.html?&tx_synthesnewsbyxml_pi1()=65〕 On June 13, 2012 Johnson & Johnson announced the acquisition of Synthes for $19.7 billion.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Johnson & Johnson $ 19.7 billion acquisition of Synthes transactions to increase corporate profits )〕 Unfortunately the merger led to jobs losses for some subsidiary groups. In Italy, the Headquarters were moved from Milan to Rome. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Synthes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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