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Albert Szent-Györgyi
Albert Szent-Györgyi de Nagyrápolt ((ハンガリー語:Nagyrápolti Szent-Györgyi Albert) (:ˈnɒɟraːpolti ˈsɛnɟørɟi ˈɒlbɛrt); September 16, 1893 – October 22, 1986) was a Hungarian physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937. He is credited with discovering vitamin C and the components and reactions of the citric acid cycle. He was also active in the Hungarian Resistance during World War II and entered Hungarian politics after the war.
==Early life==
Szent-Györgyi was born in Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire, in 1893. His father, Miklós Szent-Györgyi, was a landowner, born in Marosvásárhely, Transylvania (today Târgu Mureş, Romania), a Calvinist, and could trace his ancestry back to 1608 when Sámuel, a Calvinist predicant, was ennobled.〔Dr.Czeizel, E.: Családfa,page 148, Kossuth Könyvkiadó,1992.〕〔Dr. Czeizel E. : Az érték még mindig bennünk van, page 172, Akadémiai kiadó, Budapest〕 At the time of Szent-Györgyi's birth, the ability to trace one's ancestry was considered important and created opportunities that otherwise were not available. (Miklós Szent-Györgyi's parents were Imre Szent-Györgyi and Mária Csiky).〔Kapronczay K.Orvosdinasztiák II, Turul ISSN, 1997〕 His mother, Jozefina, a Roman Catholic, was a daughter of József Lenhossék and Anna Bossányi.〔Dr. Czeizel E. Családfa, page 148, Kossuth Könyvkiadó, 1992.〕 Jozefina was a sister of Mihály Lenhossék; both of these men were Professors of Anatomy at the Eötvös Loránd University. His family included three generations of scientists. Music was important in the Lenhossék family. His mother Jozefina prepared to become an opera singer and auditioned for Gustav Mahler, then a conductor at the Budapest Opera. He advised her to marry instead, since her voice was not enough. Albert himself was good at the piano, while his brother Pál became a professional violinist.
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