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The Bronze Age site of Százhalombatta-Földvár is situated on the right bank of the Danube, near the town of Százhalombatta, 30 km south of Budapest in Hungary. It is one of the largest temperate tell settlements from this period in central Europe.〔Poroszlai, I. (2000) Excavation campaigns on the Bronze Age tell site Százhalombatta-Földvár, I. 1989-1991. II. 1991-1993. In: Poroszlai-Vicze ed., SAX Annual Report I.〕 Excavation at the site is ongoing and producing substantial new data revealing a detailed and hitherto unknown picture of Bronze Age life from 2000-1400 BC.〔Sørensen, M.L.S. and Vicze, M. (2013) Locating Household Activities on a Bronze Age Tell. In: Madella, M., Kovács, G., Kulcsárné-Berzsényi, B. and Briz i Godino, I. (eds.) The Archaeology of Household. Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK. pp. 159–178.〕〔Earle, T. and Kristiansen, K. (eds.) (2010) Organizing Bronze Age Societies. Cambridge: CUP.〕 == The Site == The site of Százhalombatta is 200 m by 100 m in area. It is estimated that up to two thirds of the original area was destroyed during clay extraction by a local brick factory and by erosion from the River Danube.〔Vicze, M. and Poroszlai, I. (eds.) (2005) Százhalombatta Archaeological Expedition. Report 2. Százhalombatta.〕 The Bronze Age settlement was built on a bluff with valleys to north and south, the River Danube to the east and it was fortified with a ditch to the west, a feature common to other Vatya tells. It was strategically positioned at the end of the Benta valley, potentially controlling access to other sites including smaller settlements within the valley. It overlooks a long stretch of the River Danube and may have been involved in river-borne trade and communication.〔Vicze, M. and Poroszlai, I. (eds.) (2000) Százhalombatta Archaeological Expedition (SAX) Annual Report I. Százhalombatta.〕 The settlement was first occupied at the end of the Early Bronze Age (the transition from the classic Nagyrév (Szigetszentmiklós) to the late Nagyrév (Kulcs). It was continuously inhabited through the Middle Bronze Age Vatya and Vatya-Koszider period. This was followed by a hiatus in occupation until the Urnfield phase of the Late Bronze Age from which there are only a few traces. Occupation layers at the site are up to 6 m deep. Finds from the site include pottery, daub, plaster, metalwork, moulds, loom weights, bone tools, antler objects, ground stone, lithics, amber, animal and occasional human bones.〔Vicze, M. (2004) Excavation methodology on the Százhalombatta Project, In: Kisfaludi, J. (ed.) Archaeological Investigations in Hungary 2002. Budapest, 131-146.〕 Many of the Bronze Age houses were burnt. This has resulted in outstanding preservation of organic material including botanical remains such as thatch from house roofs and Bronze Age food like crabapples, peas, beans and lentils.〔Berzsényi, B. (2009) Prehistoric food and plant resources from the Middle Bronze Age tell site of Százhalombatta-Földvár in Pest County (the Budapest hinterland, Hungary). In: Morel, J. P. and Mercuri, A. (eds.) Plants and Culture: seeds of the cultural heritage of Europe. Centro Europeo per i Beni Culturali Ravello, Edipuglia Bari. 2009〕 There is also worked wood and basketry. Thin section soil micromorphology,〔Kovács, G. (2011) Régészeti talaj-mikromorfológia. Antropogén rétegek talaj-mikromorfológiai vizsgálata, Matrica Füzetek III, „Matrica” Múzeum, Százhalombatta, 56 p〕 phytoliths, charcoal and coprolites add to the data from the site. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Százhalombatta-Földvár」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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