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Sādhanā (Sanskrit; , THL ''druptap'', ), literally "a means of accomplishing something",〔V. S. Apte. ''A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary''. p. 979.〕 is an ego-transcending spiritual practice.〔Flood, Gavin. ''An Introduction to Hinduism''. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1996. pp. 92, 156, 160, 167. ISBN 0-521-43878-0.〕 It includes a variety of disciplines in Hindu,〔NK Brahma, Philosophy of Hindu Sādhanā, ISBN 978-8120333062, pages ix-x〕 Buddhist,〔http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Sadhana〕 Jain〔C.C. Shah, Cultural and Religious Heritage of India: Jainism, Mittal, ISBN 81-7099-9553, page 301〕 and Sikh traditions that are followed in order to achieve various spiritual or ritual objectives. In particular, ''sādhanā'' can refer to a tantric liturgy or liturgical manual, that is, the instructions to carry out a ritual. The historian N. Bhattacharyya provides a working definition of the benefits of sādhanā as follows: Iyengar (1993: p. 22) in his English translation of and commentary to the ''Yoga Sutras of Patanjali'' defines sādhanā in relation to abhyāsa and kriyā: == Paths == The term sādhanā means spiritual exertion towards an intended goal. A person undertaking such a practice is known in Sanskrit as a sādhu (female ''sādhvi''), sādhaka (female ''sādhakā'') or yogi (Tibetan ''pawo''; feminine yogini or dakini, Tibetan ''khandroma''). The goal of sādhanā is to attain some level of spiritual realization, which can be either enlightenment, pure love of God (prema), liberation (moksha) from the cycle of birth and death (saṃsāra), or a particular goal such as the blessings of a deity as in the Bhakti traditions. Sādhanā can involve meditation, chanting of mantra sometimes with the help of prayer beads, puja to a deity, yajna, and in very rare cases mortification of the flesh or tantric practices such as performing one's particular ''sādhanā'' within a cremation ground. Traditionally in some Hindu and Buddhist traditions in order to embark on a specific path of sādhanā, a guru may be required to give the necessary instructions. This approach is typified by some Tantric traditions, in which initiation by a guru is sometimes identified as a specific stage of sādhanā.〔Bhattacharyya, op. cit., p. 317.〕 On the other hand, individual renunciates may develop their own spiritual practice without participating in organized groups.〔Flood, Gavin. ''An Introduction to Hinduism''. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1996. p. 92. ISBN 0-521-43878-0.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sādhanā」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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