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Sōhei
were Buddhist warrior monks of feudal Japan. At certain points of history they held considerable power, obliging the imperial and military governments to collaborate.
The prominence of the sōhei rose in parallel with the ascendancy of the Tendai school's influence between the 10th and 17th centuries. The warriors protected land and intimidated rival schools of Buddhism, becoming a significant factor in the spread of Buddhism and the development of different schools during the Kamakura period.〔Kamien Keown, (A Dictionary of Buddhism: Sōhei ), encyclopedia.com, A Dictionary of Buddhism 2004, originally published by Oxford University Press 2004〕
They were similar to the mountain ascetic yamabushi warrior-monks, but unlike the solitary yamabushi, sōhei generally organized into large armies or mobs. A famous sōhei monastery is the Enryaku-ji on Mount Hiei, just outside Kyoto.
The sōhei shared many similarities with the European lay brothers, members of a monastic order who might not have been ordained. Much like the Teutonic Order, the warrior monks of Germany, and the crusading orders, sōhei did not operate as individuals, or even as members of small, individual temples, but rather as warriors in a large extended brotherhood or monastic order. The home temple of a sōhei monastic order might have had several, if not dozens or a hundred, smaller monasteries, training halls, and subordinate temples connected to it.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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