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T-unit
In linguistics, the term T-unit was coined by Kellogg Hunt in 1965.〔Hunt, K. (1965). (Grammatical structures written at three grade levels ). NCTE Research report No. 3. Champaign, IL, USA: NCTE.〕 It is defined as the "shortest grammatically allowable sentences into which (writing can be split) or minimally terminable unit." Often, but not always, a T-unit is a sentence.
More technically, a T-unit is a dominant clause and its dependent clauses: as Hunt said, it is "one main clause with all subordinate clauses attached to it" (Hunt 1965:20). T-units are often used in the analysis of written and spoken discourse, such as in studies on errors in second language writing. The number of error-free T-units may be counted, as in Robb et al. (1986),〔Robb, T., Ross, S., & Shortreed, I. (1986). (Salience of feedback on error and its effect on EFL writing quality ). TESOL Quarterly, 20, 83–93.〕 or changes in accuracy per T-unit over drafts of compositions may be measured (Sachs and Polio, 2007).〔Sachs, R. and Polio, C. (2007).(Learners' uses of two types of written feedback on a L2 writing revision task. ) Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 29:67-100.〕
Young (1995)〔Young, R. (1995). (Conversational Styles in Language Proficiency Interviews. ) Language Learning 45/1:3–42. 〕 gives some examples of what a T-unit is and is not:
"The following elements were counted as one T-unit: a single clause, a matrix plus subordinate clause, two or more phrases in apposition, and fragments of clauses produced by ellipsis. Co-ordinate clauses were counted as two t-units. Elements not counted as t-units include back channel cues such as mhm and yeah, and discourse boundary markers such as okay, thanks or good. False starts were integrated into the following t-unit." (Young 1995:38)
==References==
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抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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