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TMK ((ロシア語:Тяжелый Межпланетный Корабль - ''Tyazhely Mezhplanetny Korabl'' for ''Heavy Interplanetary Spacecraft'')) was the designation of a Soviet space exploration project to send a manned flight to Mars and Venus (TMK-MAVR design) without landing. The TMK-1 spacecraft was due to be launched in 1971 and make a three-year-long flight including a Mars flyby, at which time probes would have been dropped. Expanded project variations, such as the TMK-E, Mavr or KK, including a Venus flyby, electric propulsion or a manned Mars landing were also proposed. The TMK project was planned as an answer from the Soviet Union to the United States' manned Moon landings. A previous ''Martian Piloted Complex'' mission was proposed in 1956. The project was never completed because the required N1 rocket never flew successfully. ==TMK-1== The first flight to Mars of the TMK-1 was planned to begin on June 8, 1971. The 75 metric ton TMK-1 spacecraft would take a crew of three on a Mars flyby mission. After a 10½ month flight the crew would race past Mars, dropping remote-controlled landers, and then be flung into an Earth-return trajectory. Earth return would happen on July 10, 1974, after a voyage of three years, one month, and two days. Spacecraft configuration: *A ''habitation'' or ''pilot compartment'', with an internal volume of 25 cubic meters *A ''work'' or ''equipment section'', including the hatch for extra-vehicular activities and a solar storm shelter should solar flares increase radiation to dangerous levels. Total volume of the section would be 25 cubic meters. *A ''biological systems compartment'', with the SOZh closed-cycle environmental control system, with a total volume of 75 cubic meters *A ''aggregate section'', with the Mars probe capsules, the KDU midcourse correction engine, the SOZh solar concentrator and solar panels, and radio antennas * The ''SA'' crew Earth reentry capsule, about 4 m in diameter 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「TMK」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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