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The Tor missile system ((ロシア語:"Тор"); (英語:torus)) is an all-weather low to medium altitude, short-range surface-to-air missile system designed for engaging airplanes, helicopters, cruise missiles, precision guided munitions, unmanned aerial vehicles and short-range ballistic threats (Anti-Munitions). Originally developed by the Soviet Union under the GRAU designation 9K330, the system is commonly known by its NATO reporting name, SA-15 "Gauntlet". A navalized variant was developed under the name 3K95 "Kinzhal", also known as the SA-N-9 "Gauntlet". Tor was also the first air defence system in the world designed from the start to shoot down precision guided weapons like the AGM-86 ALCM〔 day and night, in bad weather and jamming situation.〔http://dokwar.ru/publ/voenny_vestnik/novosti_vpk/rossijskie_zenitnye_raketnye_kompleksy_tor_na_mezhdunarodnoj_aviacionno_kosmicheskoj_vystavke_aehroshou_chajna_2014/2-1-0-1534〕 Tor can detect targets while on the move. The vehicle must stop intermittently when firing,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=На вооружение войск ЮВО поступили новые ЗРС "Тор-М1-2У" )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=, )〕 although trials are being conducted to eliminate this drawback.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tor-M2U po raz pierwszy strzelał w marszu )〕 == Development == The development of the Tor missile system started on the 4th of February 1975, in response to the directives of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Initiated as a successor to the 9K33 Osa (NATO reporting name SA-8 "Gecko"), development on the land based version was conducted in parallel with a navalized variant of the system (3K95 Kinzhal/SA-N-9 "Gauntlet), to be installed on a number of upcoming ship classes, including the Kirov class battlecruisers, and retrofitted onto older ships. Responsibility for development was given to the Antey design bureau headed by V.P. Efremov, the missiles designed by MKB Fakel under P.D. Grushin and the Altair design bureau headed by S.A. Fadeyev responsible for development of Kinzhal.〔 All the developers and manufacturers of the Tor missile system unified into Almaz-Antey in 2002. Mobility time is 3 minutes, can be transported by any transport means (including aerial). The reaction time of the original Tor is 7-8 (standard) / 7-10 (if it is in motion) seconds.〔 The project was given strict design specifications to meet; Tor had to provide extended detection and tracking of fast, low radar cross section targets and be capable of quickly and efficiently dealing with massed air raids, whilst providing a high degree of automation and integration with other air defence assets. In order to meet these demanding specifications, the designers used a variety of new technologies, including advanced Passive electronically scanned array radar for improved detection and tracking performance, enhanced digital information processing, and vertically launched missiles to improve reaction time and increase the number of readily available munitions. After a period of testing and evaluation between December 1983 and December 1984, the land based system was accepted into service on March 19, 1986. Despite starting testing earlier than its terrestrial counterpart, the naval variant, Kinzhal, had a more protracted development.〔 After an extended testing period using a Project 1124 Grisha class corvette (including the engagement and destruction of four P-5 Pyatyorka (SSC-1a Shaddock) anti-ship missiles in 1986〔) Kinzhal finally entered service in 1989. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tor missile system」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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