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TUPAS is a strong digital authentication method created by the Federation of Finnish Financial Services. TUPAS identification is a ''de facto'' standard for digital identification in Finland. It is used by all major Finnish banks including Aktia, Osuuspankki, Nordea, Danske Bank (formerly Sampo), and S-Pankki (formerly Tapiola). Furthermore, TUPAS is used also by Finnish government to log into Kansaneläkelaitos and Finnish Tax Administration site (vero.fi ). TUPAS is based on the finnish law on strong electronic identification and digital signatures. The law requires a strong identification methods to include atleast two of the three following identification methods. a) Password or other similar that one knows, b) Chipcard or other similar that one possesses, or c) Fingerprint or other similar that is unique to the person.〔Law on strong digital identification and digital signatures. (in Finnish) https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/2009/20090617〕 Commonly the identification is done using a password and a list of single-use passcodes or a passcode device. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「TUPAS」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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