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Third World Approaches to International Law
Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) is a critical school of international legal scholarship 〔O. Okafor, (2005). “Newness, Imperialism, and International Legal Reform in Our Time: A TWAIL Perspective”, Osgoode Hall Law Journal 43(1 & 2), p. 177〕 and an intellectual and political movement.〔M. Mutua, (2000) “What is TWAIL?”, Proceedings of the 94th Annual Meeting of the American Society of International Law: pp.31-40, p. 38〕 It is a “broad dialectic opposition to international law”,〔M. Mutua, (2000) “What is TWAIL?”, Proceedings of the 94th Annual Meeting of the American Society of International Law: pp.31-40, p. 31〕 which perceives international law as facilitating the continuing exploitation of the Third World through subordination to the West. TWAIL scholars (known as TWAIL-ers〔L. Eslava, and S. Pahuja, (2011). “Between Resistance and Reform: TWAIL and the Universality of International Law”, Trade, Law and Development 3(1), p. 26〕) seek to change what they identify as international law's oppressive aspects,〔M. Mutua, (2000) “What is TWAIL?”, Proceedings of the 94th Annual Meeting of the American Society of International Law: pp.31-40, p. 38〕 through the re-examination of the colonial foundations of international law.〔M. Mutua, (2000) “What is TWAIL?”, Proceedings of the 94th Annual Meeting of the American Society of International Law: pp.31-40, p. 38〕
== History ==
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