|
Táhirih ((ペルシア語:طاهره) Tahere "The Pure One" - ''Táhirih'' is the Bahá'í preferred transliteration), also called Qurratu l-`Ayn ((アラビア語:قرة العين) "Solace/Consolation of the Eyes") are both titles of Fatimah Baraghani (1814 or 1817 – August 16–27, 1852), an influential poet and theologian of the Bábí faith in Iran. Her life, influence and execution made her a key figure of the religion. The daughter of Mulla Muhammad Salih Baraghani, she was born into one of the most prominent families of her time.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/nz/DB/db-45.html.utf8?query=1817&action=highlight#fr37 )〕 Táhirih led a radical interpretation〔(''Close up: Iranian cinema, past, present, and future'', Hamid Dabashi, p. 217 )〕 that though it split the Babi community, wedded Messianism with Bábism.〔Shi'ism: a religion of protest By Hamid Dabashi, p. 341 (This radical interpretation of Shaykhism... wedded the messianic message to the figure of al-Bab )〕〔Resurrection and renewal: the making of the Babi movement in Iran, 1844-1850, Abbas Amanat "her rise to leadership aptly characterized the messianic ethos around which the entire Babi movement was formed"〕 As a young girl she was educated privately by her father and showed herself a proficient writer. Whilst in her teens she married the son of her uncle, with whom she had a difficult marriage. In the early 1840s she became familiar with the teachings of Shaykh Ahmad and began a secret correspondence with his successor Sayyid Kazim Rashti. Táhirih travelled to the Shi'i holy city of Karbala to meet Kazim Rashti, but he died a number of days before her arrival. In 1844 aged about 27, she became acquainted with the teachings of the Báb and accepted his religious claims. She soon won renown and infamy for her zealous teachings of his faith and "fearless devotion". Subsequently exiled back to Iran, Táhirih taught her faith at almost every opportunity. The Persian clergy grew resentful of her and endeavoured to have her imprisoned and stopped. She battled with her family throughout her life who wanted her to return to the traditional beliefs of her family. Táhirih was probably best remembered for unveiling herself in an assemblage of men during the Conference of Badasht. The unveiling caused a great deal of controversy and the Báb named her "the Pure One" to show his support for her. She was soon arrested and placed under house arrest in Tehran. A few years later in mid-1852 she was executed in secret on account of her Bábí faith. Since her death Bábí and Bahá’í literature venerated her to the level of martyr, being described as "the first woman suffrage martyr". As a prominent Bábí (she was the seventeenth disciple or "Letter of the Living" of the Báb) she is highly regarded by Bahá'ís and Azalis and often mentioned in Bahá'í literature as an example of courage in the struggle for women's rights. Her date of birth is uncertain as birth records were destroyed at her execution. == Early life (birth–1844) == Táhirih was born Fátimih Baraghání in Qazvin, Iran (near Tehran),〔 the oldest of four daughters of Mulla Muhammad Salih Baraghani, an Usuli mujtahid who was remembered for his interpretations of the Qur'an, his eulogies of the tragedies of Karbala, his zeal for the execution of punishments, and his active opposition to the consumption of wine. Her mother was from a Persian noble family, whose brother was the imam of the Shah Mosque of Qazvin. Her mother as well as Táhirih and all her sisters all studied in the Salehiyya, the Salehi madrasa her father had established in 1817, which included a women's section. Táhirih's uncle, Mulla Mohammad Taqi Baraghani, was also a mujtahid whose power and influence dominated the court of Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar.〔 The lack of contemporary evidence makes it impossible to determine her exact date of birth. Historian and contemporary Nabíl-i-A`zam cites that it was in 1817,〔〔〔 whilst others claim an earlier date of 1814.〔〔 Her grandson suggests a much later date of 1819,〔 whilst some modern historians claim she was born about 1815. Shoghi Effendi and William Sears suggest the date of 1817,〔 and other writers agree.〔 This is supported by claims by a chronicler from the 19th century, who wrote that Táhirih was "thirty-six years of age" when she was killed in accordance to the lunar calendar.〔If this is correct then according to the Gregorian calendar she would have been 35, placing her date of birth at ''circa'' 1817.〕〔''"She was thirty-six years of age when she suffered martyrdom in Ṭihrán"''.〕 After interviewing Táhirih's family and the families of contemporaries as well as reading documents about her life Martha Root believed that the most accurate date of birth was between 1817-1819.〔 These findings are contested in several books and articles, but the evidence does not conclusively support either date.〔The birth year of ''c.''1817 is generally accepted as the most accurate date of birth, but modern historians and some contemporaries advocate 1814-15. For more information about 1814 see Amanat and Smith. For information favouring 1817 see Root and Milani.〕 The Baraghani brothers had migrated from an obscure village near Qazvin to the city where they made their fortunes in ecclesiastical schools. They soon rose to the ranks of high ranking clerics in the court of the Shah of Persia and even running religious sections of Qazvin.〔 The brothers also involved themselves in the mercantile business accumulating great wealth and royal favour.〔 Her father was himself a noted and respected cleric, as was her older uncle who married a daughter of the monarch. Táhirih’s two younger uncles were not as elevated as the older ones but still had reasonable power in the court.〔 Her aunt was a renowned poet and calligrapher in royal circles and wrote government decrees in her "beautiful hand".〔 At the time of her birth, the Baraghani's were one of the most respected and powerful families in Persia.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Táhirih」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|