|
Tahtib (Egyptian Arabic: تحطيب ''taḥṭīb'') is the Modern Egyptian term for a stick fighting martial art 〔(Le Tahtib, un art martial égyptien plurimillénaire vivant ) 〕 originally named Fan A'Nazaha Wa-Tahtib (the Art of being straight and honest through the use of stick).〔 (Tahtib in African Martial Arts ) 〕 The martial version of Tahtib also evolved into a traditional form of Egyptian folk dance involving a wooden stick,〔 (Tahtib and Egyptian Raqs : From Martial art to Performing art ) 〕 also known as "stick dance" or "cane dance".〔Michael B. Bakan, ''World music: traditions and transformations'', McGraw-Hill, 2007, ISBN 978-0-07-241566-7, p. 279.〕 It is sometimes also described as a "stick-dancing game", or as a highly ritualized mock fight accompanied by music.〔Nicolaas H. Biegman, (Egypt: moulids, saints, sufis ), 1990.〕 Nowadays, the name 'Tahtib' encompasses both martial practice and dance practice. A "Nubian" form of tahtib is regularly performed for tourists〔(video ) Luxor Egyptian Stick Fighting (Tahtib) tourist exhibition〕 in Aswan.〔(The Cities Book: A Journey Through the Best Cities in the World ), Lonely Planet Publications, 2009, ISBN 978-1-74179-887-6〕 == Brief Historical Overview == The oldest traces of Tahtib were found on engravings from the archaeological site of Abusir, an extensive necropolis of the Old Kingdom period, located in the south-western suburbs of Cairo. On some of the reliefs of the Pyramid of Sahure (V dynasty, c. 2500 BC);〔T. El Awady, ibid, VI.6.2, p. 208-210 ; D. Farout, ''Tahtib l’art de l’accomplissement et du bâton'', Égypte Afrique & Orient n° 60 (janvier 2011), p. 67-69.〕 the images and explanatory captions are particularly precise and accurate in their depiction of what seems to be a military training using sticks. Tahtib, with archery and wrestling, was then among the three warfare disciplines taught to soldiers during their training. More recent in chronological order, yet no less important, three of the 35 tombs of the Beni Hassan necropolis (XI-XII Dynasties, 1900 – 1700 BC) near the town of Minya,〔P.E. Newberry, ' Beni Hassan, Vol. Part 1. London, England: Kegan Paul, Trench, Tubner & Co., Ltd., 1893.〕 display engravings showing scenes of Tahtib. Similar engravings can be seen in the archaeological site of Tell el Amarna (XVIII Dynasty, 1350 BC),〔N. de G. Davies, ''The rock tombs of El-Amarna'', Part II, Pl. 37-38, 1905 (Reprinted 2004), The Egypt Exploration Society,ISBN 0-85698-160-5 http://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/sites/dl-pa.home.nyu.edu.awdl/files/rocktombsofelama16davi/rocktombsofelama16davi.pdf〕 some 60 km south of Minya. Finally, the first traces of the festive representation of Tahtib can only be seen in the New Empire (1500 – 1000 BC), as shown by the engravings on the walls of Luxor and Saqqâra 〔W. Decker, ''Sports and games of Ancient Egypt'', Yale, 1992, p. 83, pl. 52 ; J. A. Wilson, ''Ceremonial Games of the New Kingdom '', JEA 17 (1931), p. 211-220〕 It is believed that during the ensuing centuries, peasants and farmers from Upper Egypt gained gradually access to this art, developing a folkloric and popular version of it. The early Christian writings mention Tahtib as a leisure activity and a popular art, performed by men, during weddings and celebrations. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tahtib」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|