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Taliesin ( 6th century; (; (:talˈjɛsɪn)) was an early Brythonic poet of Sub-Roman Britain whose work has possibly survived in a Middle Welsh manuscript, the ''Book of Taliesin''. Taliesin was a renowned bard who is believed to have sung at the courts of at least three Brythonic kings. Eleven of the preserved poems have been dated to as early as the 6th century, and were ascribed to the historical Taliesin.〔by Welsh scholar Ifor Williams.〕 The bulk of this work praises King Urien of Rheged and his son Owain mab Urien, although several of the poems indicate that he also served as the court bard to King Brochfael Ysgithrog of Powys and his successor Cynan Garwyn, either before or during his time at Urien's court. Some of the events to which the poems refer, such as the Battle of Arfderydd (c. 573), are referred to in other sources. His name, spelled as Taliessin in Alfred, Lord Tennyson's ''Idylls of the King'' and in some subsequent works, means "shining brow" in Middle Welsh.〔 In legend and medieval Welsh poetry, he is often referred to as ''Taliesin Ben Beirdd'' ("Taliesin, Chief of Bards" or chief of poets). He is mentioned as one of the five British poets of renown, along with Talhaearn Tad Awen ("Talhaearn Father of the Muse"), Aneirin, Blwchfardd, and Cian Gwenith Gwawd ("Cian Wheat of Song"), in the ''Historia Brittonum'', and is also mentioned in the collection of poems known as ''Y Gododdin''. Taliesin was highly regarded in the mid-12th century as the supposed author of a great number of romantic legends.〔Griffin (1887)〕 According to legend Taliesin was adopted as a child by Elffin, the son of Gwyddno Garanhir, and prophesied the death of Maelgwn Gwynedd from the Yellow Plague. In later stories he became a mythic hero, companion of Bran the Blessed and King Arthur. His legendary biography is found in several late renderings (see below), the earliest surviving narrative being found in a manuscript chronicle of world history written by Elis Gruffydd in the 16th century. ==Biography== Details of Taliesin's life are sparse. The first mention of him occurs in the Saxon genealogies appended to four manuscripts of the ''Historia Brittonum''. The writer names five poets, among them Taliesin, who lived in the time of Ida of Bernicia (fl. mid-6th century CE) and a British chieftain, Dutigirn.〔("At that time Talhaearn the Father of the Muse was famous in poetry, and Neirin, Taliesin, Blwchfardd and Cian who is called Gweinthgwawd, at one and the same time were renowned in British poetry." - see ''Gildas et Nennius'', ed. Mommsen, p. 205; Mon. Hist. Brit. p. 75), quoted in John Edward Lloyd, ''Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 55''〕 This information is considered fairly credible,〔Phillimore in ''Cymmrodor'', xi. 134–8; Zimmer, ''Nennius Vindicatus'', p. 78, quoted in John Edward Lloyd, ''Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 55''〕 since he is also mentioned by Aneirin, another of the five mentioned poets, who is famed as the author of ''Y Gododdin'', a series of elegies to the men of the kingdom of Gododdin (now Lothian) who died fighting the Angles of at the Battle of Catraeth around 600 CE. Taliesin's authorship of several praise-poems to Urien Rheged (died c. 590) is commonly accepted,〔(National Library of Wales, article ''Taliesin'' )〕〔(J. Koch, ''Celtic Culture: Aberdeen breviary-celticism'' )〕 and these poems mention The Eden Valley and an enemy leader, Fflamddwyn,〔(BBC Wales - )〕 identified as Ida〔(The Scots Magazine - )〕 or his son Theodric.〔(Charles Oman, ''England Before the Norman Conquest'' - )〕 These poems refer to victories of Urien at the battles of Argoed Llwyfain, The Ford of Clyde and Gwen Ystrad. Taliesin also sang in praise of Cynan Garwyn, king of Powys, Wales,〔Ifor Williams, ''Canu Taliesin'' (University of Wales Press, 1960), poem I.〕 and Cynan's predecessor Brochwel Ysgithrog is also mentioned in later poems. According to legends that first appear in ''The Book of Taliesin'' Taliesin's early patron was Elffin, son of Gwyddno Garanhir, who was a lord of a lost land in Cardigan Bay, called Cantre'r Gwaelod, and Taliesin defended Elffin and satirised his enemy, the powerful Maelgwn Gwynedd, shortly before the latter died (probably in 547 CE).〔Based on Phillimore's (1888) reconstruction of the dating of the ''Annales Cambriae'' (A Text) - see Phillimore, Egerton (1888), ''The Annales Cambriae and Old Welsh Genealogies, from Harleian MS. 3859'', in Phillimore, Egerton, Y Cymmrodor IX, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, pp. 141–183〕 According to the Welsh Triads Taliesin had a son, Afaon, who was accounted a great warrior who suffered a violent death, probably in Lothian.〔(The Welsh Triads - )〕 Taliesin's own grave is held in folk-lore to be one near the village of Tre Taliesin near Llangynfelyn〔(Llangynfelyn local web-site - )〕 called Bedd Taliesin, but this is a Bronze Age burial chamber, and the village of Tre-Taliesin, located at the foot of the hill, was actually named after the burial chamber in the 19th century〔Owen & Morgan (2007) "Dictionary of the Place Names of Wales" p.475〕 though legend was traced by Edward Lhuyd to the 17th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Taliesin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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