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Tamarod ((アラビア語:تـمـرد) ''tamarrud'', "rebellion") is an Egyptian grassroots movement that was founded to register opposition to President Mohamed Morsi and force him to call early presidential elections. Tamarod aimed to collect 15 million signatures by 30 June 2013, the one-year anniversary of Morsi's inauguration. The movement announced it collected more than 22 million signatures (22,134,460) as of 29 June 2013.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Profile: Egypt's Tamarod protest movement )〕 The number claim was never verified by an independent source, especially the rise in number by millions in a very short number of days. Many admitted to signing the same form up to 20 times. The movement was planning to become a political party following the 2014 Egyptian presidential election.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Secret Tapes of the 2013 Egypt Coup Plot Pose a Problem for Obama )〕 The movement helped launch the June 2013 Egyptian protests which preceded the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état. Recent audio tapes secretly recorded in the offices of the deputy ministers to Al-Sisi - and authenticated by independent expert analysis from France - establish the movement as an arm of the military coup. Senior officials of the coup are heard on the tapes bragging about how good they were at falsifying evidence against Morsi, at forgery and at torture. The list of plotters included Deputy Defense Minister Mamdouh Shaheen and Gen. Abbas Kamel, the chief of staff to Gen. Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, the top military commander regarded as the mastermind behind the coup. ==History== The Rebel movement was founded by five activists, including its official spokesman Mahmoud Badr,〔Hussein, Dina. (Tamarod: The Organization of a Rebellion ). Middle East Institute. Retrieved on 7 July 2013.〕 on 28 April 2013. The movement announced it collected more than 22 million signatures (22,134,460) as of 29 June 2013.〔 An opposition group within the organization, initially named Tamarod 2 Get Liberated, has claimed that Tamarod was only able to collect 8.5 million signatures and that some of its founders were trained by security services. A report by Reuters alleged that police officers and officials from the Ministry of the Interior signed and helped to distribute and collect signatures for the petition, as well as attending demonstrations themselves. Members of the movement stated that they would support appointing Maher el-Beheiry, the former head of the Supreme Constitutional Court, to temporarily replace Morsi if he were to step down. The movement gave Morsi until 2 July 2013 to step down; if he did not step down, a civil disobedience campaign was to be initiated. On 2 July 2013, the Salafist Call and its political wing, the Salafist Nour Party, stated that it had three main demands: a snap presidential poll should take place, a technocratic government should be formed and a committee should be formed to examine constitutional amendments. The Egyptian armed forces gave both sides until 3 July 2013 to defuse the crisis. At that point, the armed forces said it would offer a "road map", though they stated that they would not get involved in politics or the government.〔 Subsequent to this, the armed forces removed Morsi and replaced him with Adly Mahmoud Mansour, who had recently succeeded Maher el-Beheiry as head of the Supreme Constitutional Court. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tamarod」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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