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The Tangier International Zone ((アラビア語:منطقة طنجة الدولية) ''Manṭiqat Ṭanja ad-Dawliyya'', (フランス語:Zone Internationale de Tanger), (スペイン語:Zona Internacional de Tánger)) was a international zone centered on the city of Tangier, North Africa under the joint administration of France, Spain, and Britain (later Portugal, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States) attached to Morocco, then under French protectorate that existed from 1923 until 29 October 1956 with its reintegration into Morocco. The zone was governed in accordance with the Tangier Protocol, although the Sultan of Morocco retained sovereignty over the zone and jurisdiction over the native population. The International zone of Tangier had, by 1939, a population of about 60,000 inhabitants and 150,000 by 1950. ==History== To solve a disagreement among France, Spain, and Britain over its control, Tangier was made a neutral demilitarized zone in 1923 under a joint administration according to an international convention signed in Paris on December 18, 1923. Although some disagreements emerged about the agreement ratifications were exchanged in Paris on May 14, 1924.〔(【引用サイトリンク】) LNTSer 187; 28 LNTS 541">url = http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/LNTSer/1924/187.html )〕 The convention was amended in 1928.〔(【引用サイトリンク】) LNTSer 68; 87 LNTS 211 ">url = http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/LNTSer/1929/68.html )〕 The governments of Italy, Portugal and Belgium adhered to the convention in 1928, and the government of the Netherlands in 1929. The Zone had its own appointed International Legislative Assembly, which was subject to supervision by a Committee of Control consisting of the Consuls of Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. Executive power was vested in an Administrator, and judicial power resided in a Mixed Court of five judges, respectively appointed by the Belgian, British, Spanish, French and Italian governments. As a result of the creation of the Mixed Court, the various European powers withdrew the consular courts that previously exercised jurisdiction there.〔''Morocco (Tangier Zone) Order in Council, 1925'', 〕 The Zone had a reputation for diversity of culture and religion which concerned the pious Moroccan population who saw it as "a plague zone infested and infected by infidels." Spanish troops occupied Tangier on June 14, 1940, the same day Paris fell to the Germans. Despite calls by the writer Rafael Sánchez Mazas and other Spanish nationalists to annex "''Tánger español''", the Franco regime publicly considered the occupation a temporary wartime measure. A diplomatic dispute between Britain and Spain over the latter's abolition of the city's international institutions in November 1940 led to a further guarantee of British rights and a Spanish promise not to fortify the area. In May 1944, although it had served as a contact point between him and the later Axis Powers during the Spanish Civil War, Franco expelled all German diplomats from the Zone. The territory was restored to its pre-war status on October 11, 1945. In July 1952 the protecting powers met at Rabat to discuss the Zone's future, agreeing to abolish it. Tangier joined with the rest of Morocco following the restoration of full sovereignty in 1956.〔(【引用サイトリンク】) UNTSer 130; 263 UNTS 165 ">url = http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/treaties/UNTSer/1957/130.html )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tangier International Zone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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