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Tannhäuser (Middle High German: ''Tanhûser''; died after 1265) was a German Minnesinger and poet. Historically, his biography is obscure beyond the poetry, which dates between 1245 and 1265. Socially, he presumed familial lineage with the old nobles, the Lords of Thannhausen, residents in their castle at Tannhausen, near Ellwangen and Dinkelsbühl; moreover, the historical Tannhausen castle, is at Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz. Tannhäuser was an active courtier at the court of Frederick II of Austria (1230–1246), and the ''Codex Manesse'' (1340) depicts him clad in the Teutonic Order habit, suggesting he might have fought the Fifth Crusade (1213–21). As literature, Tannhäuser’s poems parody the traditional genre, because he was a proponent of the leich (lai) style of poetry; however, the ''Bußlied'' (Poem on Atonement) is unusual, given the eroticism of the remaining ''Codex Manesse''. ==In legend== Based on his ''Bußlied'', Tannhäuser became the subject of legend, first attested in 1430, propagated in ballads from 1450. The legendary account makes Tannhäuser a knight and poet who found the Venusberg, the subterranean home of Venus, and spent a year there worshipping the goddess. After leaving the Venusberg, Tannhäuser is filled with remorse, and travels to Rome to ask Pope Urban IV if it is possible to be absolved of his sins. Urban replies that forgiveness is as impossible as it would be for his papal staff to blossom. Three days after Tannhäuser's departure Urban's staff blooms with flowers; messengers are sent to retrieve the knight, but he has already returned to Venusberg, never to be seen again.〔D. L. Ashliman, "(Forgiveness and Redemption: folktales of Aarne-Thompson types 755 and 756 )"〕 The legend has been interpreted as a traditional folk tale which has been subjected to Christianization where the familiar story of the seduction of a human being by an elf or fairy leads to the delights of the fairy-realm but later the longing for his earthly home is overwhelming. His desire is granted, but he is not happy, and in the end returns to the fairy-land.〔"Tannhauser", Catholic Encyclopedia 1911 edition, "Literary or Profane Legends"〕 The legend was made famous in modern times through Richard Wagner's three-act opera ''Tannhäuser'', completed in 1845. Aubrey Beardsley started to write an erotic treatment of the legend which was never to be finished due to his illness; the first parts of it were published in ''The Savoy'' and later issued in book form by Leonard Smithers with the title ''Under the Hill''. In 1907, the original manuscript was published and entitled ''The Story of Venus and Tannhäuser''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tannhäuser」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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