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Tantō
A 〔(''The samurai sword: a handbook'', John M. Yumoto, Tuttle Publishing, 1989 P.47 )〕〔(Tanto )〕 is one of the traditionally made Japanese swords〔(''Handbook to life in medieval and early modern Japan'', William E. Deal, Oxford University Press US, 2007 P.161 )〕 ()〔(''The Development of Controversies: From the Early Modern Period to Online Discussion Forums, Volume 91 of Linguistic Insights. Studies in Language and Communication'', Author Manouchehr Moshtagh Khorasani, Publisher Peter Lang, 2008, ISBN 3-03911-711-4, ISBN 978-3-03911-711-6 P.150 )〕〔(''The Complete Idiot's Guide to World Mythology, Complete Idiot's Guides'', Authors Evans Lansing Smith, Nathan Robert Brown, Publisher Penguin, 2008, ISBN 1-59257-764-4, ISBN 978-1-59257-764-4 P.144 )〕 that were worn by the samurai class of feudal Japan. The tantō dates to the Heian period, when it was mainly used as a weapon but evolved in design over the years to become more ornate. Tantō were used in traditional martial arts (tantojutsu) and saw a resurgence of use in the West in the 1980s as the design made its way to America and is a common blade pattern found in modern tactical knives.
==Description==
The ''tantō'' is commonly referred to as a knife or dagger. The blade is single or double edged with a length between 15 and 30 cm (6-12 inches, in Japanese 1 shaku). The tantō was designed primarily as a stabbing weapon, but the edge can be used for slashing as well.
Tantō are generally forged in ''hira-zukuri'' style (without ridgeline),〔〔(Styles in the Shape of Blades )〕 meaning that their sides have no ridge line and are nearly flat, unlike the ''shinogi-zukuri'' structure of a katana. Some tantō have particularly thick cross-sections for armor-piercing duty, and are called ''yoroi toshi''. Tantō were mostly carried by samurai, as commoners did not generally wear them. Women sometimes carried a small tantō called a ''kaiken''〔(Kaiken )〕 in their ''obi'' primarily for self-defense. Tantō were sometimes worn as the ''shōtō'' in place of a ''wakizashi'' in a ''daishō'',〔(''The Japanese sword'', Kanzan Satō, Kodansha International, 1983 P.68 )〕〔(''Shotokan's Secret: The Hidden Truth Behind Karate's Fighting Origins'', Bruce D. Clayton, Black Belt Communications, 2004 P106 )〕 especially on the battlefield. Before the advent of the ''wakizashi/tantō'' combination, it was common for a samurai to carry a ''tachi'' and a tantō as opposed to a ''katana'' and a ''wakizashi''.〔
It has been noted that the tachi would be paired with a tantō and later the uchigatana would be paired with another shorter ''uchigatana''. With the advent of the katana, the wakizashi eventually was chosen by samurai as the short sword over the tantō. Kanzan Satō in his book ''The Japanese sword'' notes that there did not seem to be any particular need for the ''wakizashi'' and suggests that the ''wakizashi'' may have become more popular than the ''tantō'' due to the ''wakizashi'' being more suited for indoor fighting. He mentions the custom of leaving the ''katana'' at the door of a castle or palace when entering while continuing to wear the ''wakizashi'' inside.〔(''The Japanese sword'', Kanzan Satō, Kodansha International, 1983 P.68 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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