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Tanycolagreus
''Tanycolagreus'' is a genus of coelurid theropod from the Late Jurassic of North America.
==Discovery and naming==
In 1995 Western Paleontological Laboratories, Inc. uncovered the partial skeleton of a small theropod at the Bone Cabin Quarry West locality, Albany County, Wyoming, from the Salt Wash Member of the Morrison Formation, dating to the Oxfordian-Tithonian. At first the find was considered to be a specimen of ''Coelurus''〔Miles, C.A., Carpenter K. and Cloward, K.C., 1998, "A new skeleton of ''Coelurus fragilis'' from the Morrison Formation of Wyoming", ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' 18(3): 64A〕 but subsequent study indicated it represented a species new to science, that in 2001 was announced to be named ''Tanycolagreus topwilsoni''. It was actually named and described by Kenneth Carpenter, Clifford Miles and Karen Cloward in 2005. The etymology of the generic name ''Tanycolagreus'', suggested by Ben Creisler, is based upon the greater length of its forelimbs and hindlimbs compared to ''Coelurus''. It is derived from the Greek prefix τανυ~, ''tany''~: 'long, stretched out', κῶλον, ''kolon'': 'limb' and ἀγρεύς, ''agreus'': 'hunter'. The specific name honours George Eugene "Top" Wilson, the father of a benefactor financially supporting the scientific research.〔Carpenter, K., Miles, C., and Cloward, K. (2005). "New small theropod from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming." in Carpenter, K. 2005. ''The Carnivorous Dinosaurs'', Indiana University Press: 23-48〕
The fossil, holotype TPII 2000-09-29, was donated to science by an anonymous benefactor. It is part of the collection of Thanksgiving Point Institute, Inc. and displayed in the North American Museum of Ancient Life at Lehi, Utah. It includes an incomplete skull and mandible (lower jaws) and much of the postcranial skeleton, i.e. the parts behind the head. The skull of ''Tanycolagreus'' is less well known than its postcranial anatomy, and only the following elements have been found: left nasal, left lacrimal, left premaxilla and one premaxillary tooth, left postorbital, left quadratojugal, incomplete left squamosal, right quadrate, right splenial, left articular, and two cheek teeth. A paratype has been assigned to the species: specimen AMNH 587 consisting of an incomplete hand also collected from Bone Cabin Quarry and originally in 1903 by Henry Fairfield Osborn referred to ''Ornitholestes hermanni''.〔Osborn, Henry Fairfield, 1903, "''Ornitholestes hermanni'', a new compsognathoid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic", ''Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History'' 19(12): 459–464〕 Two other fossils have been referred to ''Tanycolagreus'': UUVP 2999, a premaxilla, originally in 1974 referred to ''Stokesosaurus clevelandi'',〔Madsen, J., 1974, "A new theropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Utah", ''Journal of Paleontology'', 48: 27-31〕 from the Cleveland-Lloyd Quarry of Utah; and USNM 5737, a pair of distal pubes from Colorado earlier in 1920 by Charles Whitney Gilmore referred to ''Coelurus''.〔Gilmore, C.W., 1920, "Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum, with special reference to the genera ''Antrodemus (Allosaurus)'' and ''Ceratosaurus''", ''Bulletin of the United States National Museum'', 110: 1-154〕 These specimens are from the later Brushy Basin Member.〔
''Tanycolagreus'' is present in stratigraphic zone 2 of the Morrison. Remains possibly referrable to ''Stokesosaurus'' have been recovered from stratigraphic zone 5 of the Morrison Formation.〔Foster, J. (2007). "Appendix." ''Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World''. Indiana University Press. pp. 327-329〕 A life restoration of ''Tanycolagreus'' is also on display at the North American Museum of Ancient Life, where it is portrayed as preying upon a small ornithischian dinosaur, ''Othnielia rex''.
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