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Tanystropheus
''Tanystropheus'' (Greek τανυς “long” + στροφαηυς “vertebra”), was a 6 metre (20 ft) long reptile that dated from the Middle Triassic period. It is recognizable by its extremely elongated neck, which measured 3 metres (10 ft) long - longer than its body and tail combined. The neck was composed of 12–13 extremely elongate vertebrae 〔Rieppel, O., Jiang, DY., Fraser, N.C., Hao, W.C., Motani, R., Sun, YL., Sun, ZY. 2010. Tanystropheus cf. T. longobardicus from the Early Late Triassic of Guizhou Province, Southwestern China. JVP. 30(4):1082–1089.〕 Fossils have been found in Europe, the Middle East and China. Complete skeletons of juvenile individuals are most abundant in the Besano Formation of Italy, dating to 232 million years ago during the middle Triassic period (Ladinian stage).〔Dal Sasso, C. and Brillante, G. (2005). ''Dinosaurs of Italy''. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-34514-6, ISBN 978-0-253-34514-1.〕
==Classification==
''Tribelesodon'', originally considered to be a pterosaur by Francesco Bassani in 1886, is now recognized as a junior synonym to ''Tanystropheus''. The best-known species is ''Tanystropheus longobardicus''. Other currently recognized species include ''T. conspicuus'' and ''T. meridensis''.〔(''Tanystropheus'' ). Vertebrate Palaeontology at Milano University. Retrieved 2007-02-19.〕 Another junior synonym of ''Tanystropheus'' is ''Procerosaurus''. Two specimens were initially identified as ''Procerosaurus'': The first was described as ''P. cruralis'' by von Huene in 1902. The second was described by Antonin Fritsch in 1878 as a species of ''Iguanodon'' (''Iguanodon exogirarum'', later amended to ''exogyrarum''), and is a highly doubtful dinosaurian-like bit of bone (possibly an internal cast of a tibia) from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of the Czech Republic. He reassigned the species to ''Procerosaurus'' in 1905 intending to erect it as a new genus, unaware that the genus name was already in use. George Olshevsky in 2000 substituted ''Ponerosteus'' for this species.
In 2002, fossils of a related genus, ''Dinocephalosaurus'', were collected in marine Triassic deposits in southwestern China. This new creature was 2.7 metres (8.9 ft) long, 1.7 metres (5.6 ft) of which was its neck and head. The specimen was described in 2004.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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