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Taoism (sometimes Daoism) is a philosophical, ethical or religious tradition of Chinese origin, or faith of Chinese exemplification, that emphasizes living in harmony with the ''Tao'' (also romanized as ''Dao''). The term ''Tao'' means "way", "path", or "principle", and can also be found in Chinese philosophies and religions other than Taoism. In Taoism, however, ''Tao'' denotes something that is both the source of, and the force behind, everything that exists. Taoism is practised as a religion in various Asian communities. Its theology is not theist (even though some communities do worship Laozi as the attributed founder of the religious doctrine), and has more affinities with pantheistic traditions given its philosophical emphasis on the formlessness of the Tao. Taoism drew its cosmological notions from the tenets of the School of Yin Yang, and is heavily influenced and informed by the acknowledged oldest text of ancient Chinese classics, the ''I Ching'', which prescribes a system of philosophical thought on the ethics of human behaviours based on articulating cycles of change in the natural and social worlds by means of hexagrams, and includes instructions for divination practice still adhered to by modern-day religious Taoists.〔The use of the I Ching as a divination text in Taoist temples is recounted by Dr. Carl Jung in describing the experiences of Richard Wilhelm (sinologist), the sinologist and key English translator of the ''I Ching'', in China in the early 20th century: http://www.schoolofwisdom.com/history/teachers/richard-wilhelm/carl-jung-on-richar-wilhelm/〕 Daoism as Taoism is sometimes referred, diverged sharply from Confucian thoughts by scorning rigid rituals and social classes. The ''Tao Te Ching'', a compact and ambiguous book containing teachings attributed to Laozi (), is widely considered the keystone work of this philosophy. Together with the writings of Zhuangzi, which interprets and adds to the teaching of Laozi, these classic texts provide the philosophical foundation of Taoism deriving from the 8 trigrams (''bagua'') of Fu Xi in the 2700s BCE in China, the various combinations of which creates the 64 hexagrams as documented in the ''I Ching''. Taoist propriety and ethics may vary depending on the particular school, but in general they tend to emphasize wu-wei (action through non-action), "naturalness", simplicity, spontaneity, and the Three Treasures: compassion, moderation, and humility. Taoism has had a profound influence on Chinese culture in the course of the centuries, and clerics of institutionalised Taoism () usually take care to note distinction between their ritual tradition and the customs and practices found in Chinese folk religion as these distinctions sometimes appear blurred. Chinese alchemy (especially neidan), Chinese astrology, Chan (Zen) Buddhism, several martial arts, traditional Chinese medicine, feng shui, and many styles of qigong have been intertwined with Taoism throughout history. Beyond China, Taoism also had influence on surrounding societies in Asia. After Laozi and Zhuangzi, the literature of Taoism grew steadily and was compiled in form of a canon—the Daozang—which was published at the behest of the emperor. Throughout Chinese history, Taoism was several times nominated as a state religion. After the 17th century, however, it fell from favor. Today, Taoism is one of five religions officially recognized in China, and although it does not travel readily from its Asian roots, claims adherents in a number of societies.〔''The Ancient Chinese Super State of Primary Societies: Taoist Philosophy for the 21st Century'', You-Sheng Li, June 2010, p. 300〕 Taoism also has sizable communities in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan and in Southeast Asia. ==Definition== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Taoism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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