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''Taqlid'' or ''taqleed'' (Arabic تَقْليد ''taqlīd'') is an Arabic term in Islamic legal terminology. It literally means "to follow". In Islamic legal terminology it means to follow a mujtahid (as an Islamic scholar who is competent in interpreting sharia) in religious laws and commandment as he has derived them, that is, following the decisions of a religious expert without necessarily examining the scriptural basis or reasoning of that decision, such as accepting and following the verdict of scholars of jurisprudence (''fiqh'') without demanding an explanation of the processes by which they arrive at it, hence adherence to one of the classical schools (''madhhab'') of jurisprudence. ''Taqlid'' may be contrasted with independent interpretation of legal sources by intellectual effort (''ijtihad''). ==Overview== ''Taqlīd'' is an Arabic verbal noun based on the verb ''qallada'', literally "to place, to gird or to adorn with a necklace"(''qilādah'').〔Najm al-Din al-Tufi, Sharh Mukhtasar al-Rawdah (Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Risålah, 1410H), 3:65.〕 The term is believed to have originated from the idea of allowing oneself to be led "by the collar". One who performs ''taqlid'' is called a ''muqallid'',〔Surkheel (Abu Aaliyah) Sharif, ''The Truth About Taqlid (Part I)'', the Jawziyyah Institute, 2007, p. 2 ()〕 whereas one who rejects ''taqlid'' is called a ''ghair-muqallid''. Sheikh Shaamee Hanafi said it is "to take the statement of someone without knowing the evidence."〔Aqood Rasm al-Muftee, p. 23〕 There are several verses (''ayat'') in the Quran that forbid ''taqlid'' in matters of religion (5:104-5, 17:36, 21:52-54 43:22-24) though this is interpreted as referring only to fundamentals (''usul ad-din'') and not to subsidiary elements (''furu `ad-din'') such as details of law and ritual practices that can only be learned through extensive study. Following the Greater Occultation (''al-ghaybatu 'l-kubra'') in 941 CE (329 AH), the Shia are obliged to observe ''taqlid'' in their religious affairs by following the teachings of a thinker (''mujtahid'') or jurist (''faqih'').〔(al-islam.org 1. What is taqlid? )〕 As of the 19th century the Shia ''ulama'' taught believers to turn to "a source of ''taqlid''" (''marja' at-taqlid'') "for advice and guidance and as a model to be imitated."〔(An introduction to Shiʻi Islam ): the history and doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism By Moojan Momen, p.143〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Taqlid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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