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Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat
Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat Beg (1499 or 1500–1551) was a Chagatai Turko-Mogol military general, ruler of Kashmir, and a historical writer. He was a Turkic speaking Dughlat prince who wrote in Persian〔René Grousset, ''The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia'' (1970 translation), p. 497.〕 and Chagatai languages. Prince Haider was a first cousin of Prince Zahir (later Emperor Babur).
==Life==
He first campaigned in Kashmir in 1533, on behalf of Sultan Said Khan, of Kashgar. He drove out Kamran, second son of Babur.〔(Mughal Empire 1526-1707 by Sanderson Beck )〕 However, he did not stay long in Kashmir, leaving after making a treaty with the local sultan and striking coins in the name of Said Khan. Mirza suffered a military defeat and then made a treaty with the Kashmiris. His short stay may have had something to do with the fact that Said Khan died in that year.
He returned in 1540, fighting for the Mughal Emperor Humayun,〔Shahzad Bashir, ''Messianic Hopes and Mystical Visions: The Nurbakhshiya Between Medieval And Modern Islam'' (2003), p. 236.〕 first son of Babur, this time for a military takeover at the invitation of one of the two rival factions that continually vied for power in Kashmir. This was shortly after Humayun's 1540 defeat at the battle of Kanauj, where Dughlat was also on the losing side. He had also attacked Tibet through Ladakh but had failed. Arriving in Kashmir, Haidar installed as sultan the head of the Sayyid faction, Nazuk. In 1546, after Humayun recovered Kabul, Haidar removed Nazuk Shah and struck coins in the name of the Mughal emperor.〔Stan Goron and J.P. Goenka: ''The Coins of the Indian Sultanates'', New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 2001, pp. 463-464.〕 He died in 1550 after being killed in battle with the Kashmiris. The Mughals were soundly defeated by the Kashmiris now and fled Kashmir. He lies buried in the Gorstan e Shahi in Srinagar, Kashmir, India.
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