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Tarragona (, , ; Phoenician: טַרְקוֹן, ''Tarqon''; (ラテン語:Tarraco)) is a port city located in the north-east of Spain on the Mediterranean Sea. It is the capital of the Tarragona province, and part of the Tarragonès county and Catalonia region. Geographically, it is bordered on the north by the province of Barcelona and the province of Lleida. The city has a population of 132 199 (2014). ==History== (詳細はTubal in c. 2407 BC; another (derived from Strabo and Megasthenes) attributes the name to 'Tearcon the Ethiopian', a 7th-century BC pharaoh who supposedly campaigned in Spain. The real founding date of Tarragona is unknown. The city may have begun as an Iberic town called ''Kesse'' or ''Kosse'', named for the Iberic tribe of the region, the Cossetans, though the identification of Tarragona with Kesse is not certain. Smith suggests that the city was probably founded by the Phoenicians, who called it ''Tarchon'', which, according to Samuel Bochart, means a citadel. This name was probably derived from its situation on a high rock, between above the sea; whence we find it characterised as ''arce potens Tarraco''.〔(Auson. ''Class. Urb.'' 9; ''cf.'' ''Mart.'' x. 104.)〕 It was seated on the river Sulcis or Tulcis (modern Francolí), on a bay of the Mare Internum (Mediterranean), between the Pyrenees and the river Iberus (modern Ebro).〔(Mela, ii. 6; Plin. iii. 3. s. 4.)〕 Livy mentions a ''portus Tarraconis'';〔(xxii. 22)〕 and according to Eratosthenes it had a naval station or roads ();〔(''ap.'' Strabo iii. p. 159)〕 but Artemidorus says with more probability that it had none, and scarcely even an anchoring place; and Strabo himself calls it .〔(''ap.'' Strab. ''l. c.''; Polyb. iii. 76)〕 This better reflects its present condition; for though a mole was constructed in the 15th century with the materials of the ancient amphitheatre, and another subsequently by an Englishman named John Smith, it still affords but little protection for shipping.〔(Ford's Handbook of Spain, p. 222.)〕 In Roman times, the city was fortified and much enlarged as a Roman colony by the brothers Publius and Gnaeus Scipio, who converted it into a fortress and arsenal against the Carthagenians. The city was first named Colonia Iulia Urbs Triumphalis Tarraco and was capital of the province of Hispania Citerior. Subsequently it became the capital of the province named after it, Hispania Tarraconensis, in the Roman empire〔Ptolemy, ii. 6. § 17〕 and conventus juridicus.〔Pliny ''l. c.''; Tacitus ''Ann.'' i. 78; Gaius Julius Solinus 23, 26; Polybius x. 34; Livy xxi. 61; Stephanus of Byzantium p. 637.〕 Augustus wintered at Tarraco after his Cantabrian campaign, and bestowed many marks of honour on the city, among which were its honorary titles of ''Colonia Victrix Togata'' and ''Colonia Julia Victrix Tarraconensis''. Tarraco lies on the main road along the south-eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.〔(Itin. Ant. pp. 391, 396, 399, 448, 452.)〕 According to Mela it was the richest town on that coast,〔(''l. c.'')〕 and Strabo represents its population as equal to that of Carthago Nova (modern Cartagena).〔 Its fertile plain and sunny shores are celebrated by Martial and other poets; and its neighbourhood is described as producing good wine and flax.〔(Mart. x. 104, xiii. 118; Sil. Ital. iii. 369, xv. 177; Plin. xiv. 6. s. 8, xix. 1. s. 2.)〕 The city also minted coins.〔(Grut. ''Inscr.'' p. 382; Orelli, no. 3127; coins in Eckhel, i. p. 27; Florez, ''Med.'' ii. p. 579; Théodore Edme Mionnet, i. p. 51, Suppl. i. p. 104; Sestini, p. 202.)〕 An inscribed stone base for a now lost statue of Tiberius Claudius Candidus was found in Tarragona during the nineteenth century. The 24-line Latin inscription describes the Governor and Senator's career as an ally of the future Roman Emperor Lucius Septimius Severus, who fought in the civil war following the assassination of Commodus in 192 AD. This important marble block was purchased by the British Museum in 1994.〔(British Museum Collection )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tarragona」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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