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Tarłów is a village (a town in 1550-1870) in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Tarłów. It lies approximately north-east of Opatów and east of the regional capital Kielce.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal) )〕 It is approximately north of the town of Ozarow. The village has a population of 790, and belongs to historic province of Lesser Poland. The history of Tarłów dates back to 1550, when a local nobleman, Andrzej Tarło, founded the town named after himself, which replaced the already existing village of Czekarzewice. Tarłów received its charter in 1550 from King Zygmunt August, in Piotrków Trybunalski. The town's inhabitants, thanks to the King's order, were exempt from paying taxes for 20 years. In 1614 Tarłów got its first, wooden church, founded by Mikołaj Oleśnicki. In 1636 a hospital was opened, and in 1647, the wooden church was replaced with a brick church of Holy Trinity, which still stands. During the Deluge, Swedish invaders destroyed and ransacked most of Lesser Poland's towns, including Tarłów. After the wars, the town never recovered. In 1851, when Tarłów already belonged to the Russian-controlled Congress Poland, it almost completely burned - all that remained were four houses and the church. During the January Uprising Tarłów was one of the centers of the rebellion, for which in 1869 the Russians stripped it of the town rights. In 1873, a pandemic of cholera decimated the population, including local artisans, famous for their pots. In 1877 Tarłów got a courthouse of the gmina, and in 1905 - first fire station. In 1927, the government of the Second Polish Republic opened here an elementary school, in a complex which is still used. In 1915, during World War I, 1st Brigade, Polish Legions fought here with Russian troops. During World War II, Tarłów's Jewish population was murdered in the Holocaust. In 1943, the Home Army company ''Tarłów'' was created, which in the summer 1944 took part in the Operation Tempest. ==Famous Rabbis== Jacob Joshua Falk (1680 - 1756) the famous Talmudist and author of the Pene Yehoshua was Rabbi in Tarłów for a time. Rabbi Yehudah Yudel Rosenberg (1859-1935) was rabbi in Tarłów from 1885-1889 or 1890 (he had married a woman from Tarłów in 1877) and became known in Poland as Rav Yudel Tarlow'er. A prolific author, Rabbi Rosenberg assumed a number of positions in Poland, before moving to Toronto, Canada, where he became rabbi of Beth Jacob, a Polish Jewish congregation that was established in 1897.〔http://www.bethjacobtoronto.org/?page_id=2〕 There he founded the Eitz Chaim school 〔Speisman, Jews of Toronto, pp. 173-174; The Toronto Idishe Journal, July 18, 1916〕 (which still exists today), before moving to Montreal in 1919,where he served as one of its most prominent rabbis, until 1935, when he died at the age of seventy-five. Scholars believe that many of the stories told today about the Golem of Prague (attributed to the Maharal of Prague - Judah Loew ben Bezalel) were in fact first authored by Rabbi Yudel Rosenberg. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tarłów」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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