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A Taser or conducted electrical weapon (CEW)〔(TASER X26 )〕 is an electroshock weapon sold by Taser International. It fires two small dart-like electrodes, which stay connected to the main unit by conductors, to deliver electric current to disrupt voluntary control of muscles causing "neuromuscular incapacitation".〔(" Neuromuscular Incapacitation (NMI)" ), Taser International, published March 12, 2007, accessed May 19, 2007 〕〔International Association of Chiefs of Police, ''(Electro Muscular Disruption Technology: A Nine-Step Strategy for Effective Deployment )'', 2005〕 Someone struck by a Taser experiences stimulation of his/her sensory nerves and motor nerves, resulting in strong involuntary muscle contractions. Tasers rely on pain compliance, especially when used in "Drive Stun" mode, and are thus preferred by some law enforcement over non-Taser stun guns and other electronic control weapons.〔("Chief's Counsel: Electronic Control Weapons: Liability Issues" ) By Randy Means, Attorney at Law, Thomas and Means, LLP, and Eric Edwards, Lieutenant and Legal Advisor, Phoenix Police Department, and Executive Director, Arizona Association of Chiefs of Police, ''The Police Chief'' magazine, February 2005〕〔''(Electronic Control Weapons in Georgia: Review and Recommendations )'', Submitted by the Ad Hoc Committee on Electronic Control Weapons, Adopted by the Georgia Association of Chiefs of Police Executive Board June 20, 2005〕〔''(Electronic Control Weapon Model Policy ),'' Section 4.02J, Intergovernmental Risk Management Agency (IRMA), Adopted January 2006〕 Tasers were introduced as non-lethal weapons for police to use to subdue fleeing, belligerent, or potentially dangerous people, who would have otherwise been subjected to more lethal weapons such as firearms. A 2009 Police Executive Research Forum study said that officer injuries drop by 76% when a Taser is used. However, while Taser CEO Rick Smith has stated that police surveys show that the device has saved 75,000 lives,〔 there has been some controversy where Tasers have been implicated in instances of serious injury or death.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/12/15/world/main3621683.shtml )〕 Although some other companies have produced similar devices (e.g., Raysun X1), their significance as of 2014 is still marginal. == History == Jack Cover, a NASA researcher, began developing the Taser in 1969. By 1974, Cover had completed the device, which he named after his childhood hero Tom Swift ("Thomas A. Swift's electric rifle"). The Taser Public Defender used gunpowder as its propellant, which led the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms to classify it as a firearm in 1976. The backformed verb "to tase" is used sometimes. Taser International CEO Patrick Smith has testified in a Taser-related lawsuit that the catalyst for the development of the device was the "shooting death of two of his high school acquaintances" by a "guy with a legally licensed gun who lost his temper". In 1993, Rick Smith and his brother Thomas began to investigate what they called "safer use of force option() for citizens and law enforcement". At their Scottsdale, Arizona, facilities, the brothers worked with the "...original Taser inventor, Jack Cover" to develop a "non-firearm Taser electronic control device". The 1994 Air Taser Model 34000 had an "anti-felon identification (AFID) system" to prevent the likelihood that the device would be used by criminals; upon use, it released many small pieces of paper containing the serial number of the Taser device. The U.S. firearms regulator, the ATF, stated that the Air Taser was not a firearm. In 1999, Taser International developed an "...ergonomically handgun-shaped device called the Advanced Taser M-series systems," which used a "...patented neuromuscular incapacitation (NMI) technology." In May 2003, Taser International released a new weapon called the Taser X26, which used "shaped pulse technology." On July 27, 2009 Taser International released a new type of Taser called the X3, which can fire three shots before reloading. It holds three new type cartridges, which are much thinner than the previous model. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Taser」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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