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Teasing has multiple meanings and uses. In human interactions, teasing comes in three major forms, ''playful'', ''hurtful'', and ''educative''. Teasing can have a variety of effects, depending on how it is utilized and its intended effect. 〔 Reddy, V. (1991). Playing with others' expectations: Teasing and mucking about in the first year. (pp. 143-158) Basil Blackwell, Cambridge, MA.〕 When teasing is playful and friendly, and especially when it is reciprocal, teasing can be regarded as flirting. When teasing is unwelcome, it may be regarded as harassment or mobbing, especially in the work place and school, or as a form of bullying or emotional abuse. If done in public, it may be regarded as humiliation. Teasing can also be regarded as educative when it is used as a way of Informal learning. Adults in some of the Indigenous American Communities often tease children to playfully illustrate and teach them how their behavior negatively affects the community. Children in many Indigenous American Communities also learn by observing what others do in addition to collaborating with them. Along with teasing, this form of informal learning is different from the ways that Western American children learn. Informal ways of child learning include mutual responsibility, as well as active collaboration with adults and peers. This differentiates from the more formal way of learning because it is not adult-oriented. People may be teased on matters such as their appearance, weight, behavior, abilities, clothing, and intelligence.〔Kowalski, R. (2000). I was only kidding: Victim and perpetrators' perceptions of teasing. ''Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin'', ''26'', 231-241.〕 From the victim's point of view, this kind of teasing is often hurtful, irrespective of the intention of the teaser. One may also tease an animal. Some animals, such as dogs and cats, may recognize this both as play or harassment. ==The nature of teasing== A common form of teasing is verbal bullying or taunting. This behavior is intended to distract, irritate, or annoy the recipient. Because it is hurtful, it is different from joking and is generally accompanied by some degree of social rejection. Teasing can also be taken to mean "To make fun of; mock playfully". For example, Michael teasing Deanna doesn't mean he's bullying her. Example 2: Sam teases people, but does not ever bully them. A more recent article, mentioned how teasing is not only playful or hurtful. Dacher Keltner utilizes Penelope Brown’s classic study on the difference between "on-record" and "off-record" communication to illustrate how people must learn to read others' tone of voice and facial expressions in order to learn appropriate responses to teasing.〔Keltner, Dacher. (2008, December 5). In defense of teasing. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com〕 A form of teasing that is usually overlooked is educational teasing. This form is commonly used by parents and caregivers in two Indigenous American Communities and Mexican Heritage communities to guide their children into responding with more Prosocial behavior. For example, when a parent teases a child who is throwing a tantrum for a piece of candy, the parent will pretend to give the child candy but then take it away and ask the child to correct their behavior before giving the child that piece of candy. In this way, the parent teaches the child the importance of maintaining self-control. When adults educate children through teasing, they are informally teaching the children. This type of learning is often overlooked because it is different from the way Western American Communities teach their children. Another form of teasing is to pretend to give something which the other desires, or giving it very slowly. This is usually done by arousing curiosity or desire, and may not actually involve the intent to satisfy or disclose. This form of teasing could be called "tantalizing", after the story of Tantalus. Tantalizing is generally playful among adults, although among children it can be hurtful, such as when one child acquires a possession of another's property and will not return it. It is also common in flirting and dating. For example, a man or woman who is interested in someone might reject an advance the first time in order to arouse interest and curiosity, and give in the second or third time. Whether teasing is playful or hurtful or educative, is largely subject to the interpretation of the person being teased. If the person being teased feels harmed, then the teasing is hurtful. A difference in power between people may also make the behavior hurtful rather than playful. Ultimately though, if someone perceives him or herself as the victim of teasing, and experiences the teasing as unpleasant, then it is considered hurtful. If parents intentions are positive, like in many Indigenous American Communities, then teasing to the community can be seen as an educational tool. The child may or may not understand that in the moment. If the other person continues to do it after being asked to stop, then it is a form of bullying or abuse. Another way to look at teasing is an honest reflection on differences, expressed in a joking fashion with the goal of "clearing the air". It can express a comfort with the other which can be comforting. As opposed to being nice to someone's face while making disparaging remarks behind their back, teasing can be a way to express differences in a direct fashion rather than internalizing them. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Teasing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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