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Týr (;〔(Merriam Webster Online Dictionary: ''Tyr'' )〕 Old Norse: ''Týr'' (:tyːr)) is a god associated with law and heroic glory in Norse mythology, portrayed as one-handed. Corresponding names in other Germanic languages are Gothic ''Teiws'', Old English ''Tīw'' and Old High German ''Ziu'' and ''Cyo'', all from Proto-Germanic '' *''. The Latinised name is ''Tius'' or ''Tio''.〔Adapted from the work of Dr. W. Wägner. By M. W. MacDowall. ''(Asgard and the Gods. The Tales and Traditions of our Northern Ancestors )''.〕 In the late Icelandic Eddas, Tyr is portrayed, alternately, as the son of Odin (Prose Edda) or of Hymir (Poetic Edda), while the origins of his name and his possible relationship to Tuisto (see Tacitus' ''Germania'') suggest he was once considered the father of the gods and head of the pantheon, since his name is ultimately cognate to that of '' *Dyeus'' (cf. Dyaus), the reconstructed chief deity in Indo-European religion. It is assumed that Tîwaz was overtaken in popularity and in authority by both Odin and Thor at some point during the Migration Age, as Odin shares his role as God of war. Týr is a god of war and will take mead, meat and blood for sacrifice. If a warrior carved the rune Tîwaz on his weapon he would be dedicating it to Týr and strengthen the outcome of a battle to be in his favor. After a warrior has dedicated his weapon to Týr he should not lose it or break it. Tiw was equated with Mars in the ''interpretatio germanica''. Tuesday is in fact "Tīw's Day" (also in Alemannic ''Zischtig'' from ''zîes tag''), translating ''dies Martis''. ==Name== Old Norse ''Týr'', literally "god", plural ''tívar'' "gods", comes from Proto-Germanic *' (cf. Old English ''Tīw'', Old High German ''Zīo''), which continues Proto-Indo-European *' "celestial being, god" (cf. Welsh ''duw'', Latin ''ラテン語:deus'', Lithuanian ''diẽvas'', Sanskrit ', Avestan ''daēvō'' "demon"). And *' is based in '' *dei-'', '' *deyā-'', '' *dīdyā-'', meaning 'to shine'.〔Klein, E., "deity", ''Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language'' (Elsevier Publishing, 1966), pp. 417—8.〕 The earliest attestation for Týr's continental counterpart occurs in Gothic ''tyz'' "the ''t''-rune" () in the 9th-century ''Codex Vindobonensis 795''.〔(Grimm, ''Teutonic Mythology'' )〕 The name is later attested in Old High German as ''Cyo'' in the A Wessobrunn prayer ms. of 814. The Negau helmet inscription (2nd century ..) may actually record the earliest form, ''teiva'', but this interpretation is tentative. ''Týr'' in origin was a generic noun meaning "god", e.g. ''Hangatyr'', literally, the "god of the hanged", as one of Odin's names, which was probably inherited from Tyr in his role as god of justice. The name continues on as Norwegian ''Tyr'', Swedish ''Tyr'', Danish ''Tyr'', while it remains ''Týr'' in Modern Icelandic and Faroese. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Týr」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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