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A khanqah or khaniqah (also transliterated as ''khanqa'', ''khaneqa'', ''khanegah'' or ''khaneqah'' ((ペルシア語:خانقاه))), also known as a ribat () – among other terms – is a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood or ''tariqa'' and is a place for spiritual retreat and character reformation. In the past, and to a lesser extent nowadays, they often served as hospices for salik (Sufi travelers) and talibe (Islamic students). Khanqahs are very often found adjoined to dargahs (shrines of Sufi saints), mosques and madrasas (Islamic schools). They are found throughout Persianate societies, especially Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia and South Asia. In the Arab world, especially North Africa, the khanqah is known as a zāwiyah ((アラビア語:زاویه), plural ''zāwiyāt''; also transliterated as ''zawiya'', ''zāwiya'' or ''zaouia''). In Turkey and other formerly Ottoman areas like Albania and Bosnia, they are locally referred to as tekije (تكيه; also transliterated as ''tekke'', ''teqe'' or ''takiyah''). In South Asia, the words ''khanqah'' and ''dargah'' are used interchangeably for Sufi shrines. Khanqahs later spread across the Islamic world, from Morocco to Indonesia. ==Architecture== All khanqahs, regardless of size, feature a large central hall. The daily ritual prayers incumbent on all Muslims, salat, are held in this hall, as are the specifically Sufi forms of dhikr, meditation and celebration of the divine. Large khanqahs often grew up around the dargah of a tariqa's founder or of a Sufi saint. Some khanqahs include dwellings for the Sufi sheikh or pir, and his family, or cells for Sufis who wish to pursue their dhikr in quiet and isolation. They may also include lodgings for traveling Sufis and pilgrims and premises for charities such as hospitals. Sufi movements have been banned in some Muslim-majority countries such as Turkey, Iran, Saudi Arabia, or the communist and post-communist states of Central Asia. In these countries, khanqahs have been converted to other purposes, turned into museums or mosques. In other countries, Sufism survives and the old khanqahs are still in use. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Khanqah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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