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Telmatosaurus
''Telmatosaurus'' (meaning "marsh lizard") is a genus of basal hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous. It was a relatively small hadrosaur, approximately five meters (16 ft) long, found in what is now Romania.
==Discovery==
In 1895 some peasants presented Ilona Nopcsa, the daughter of their lord, with a dinosaur skull they had found at the estate Săcele in the district Hunedoara (then named Hunyad) in Transylvania. Ilona had an elder brother, Ferenc or Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás who was inspired by the find to become a paleontology student at the University of Vienna. In 1899 Nopcsa named the skull ''Limnosaurus transsylvanicus''. The generic name was derived from Greek λιμνή, ''limné'', "swamp", a reference to the presumed swamp-dwelling habits of hadrosaurs. The specific name referred to Transylvania.〔F. Nopcsa, 1900, "Dinosaurierreste aus Siebenbürgen (Schädel von ''Limnosaurus transsylvanicus'' nov. gen. et spec.)", ''Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe'' 68: 555-591〕 Later Nopcsa discovered that the name ''Limnosaurus'' had already been used by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1872 for a crocodilian (later reclassified as '' Pristichampsus''), so in 1903 Nopcsa renamed the genus ''Telmatosaurus''. ''Telma'' again means "marsh".〔F. Nopcsa, 1903, "''Telmatosaurus'', new name for the dinosaur ''Limnosaurus''", ''Geological Magazine'', decade 4 10: 94-95〕 In 1910 Barnum Brown, unaware of Nopcsa's replacement name, named the genus ''Hecatasaurus'',〔B. Brown, 1910, "The Cretaceous Ojo Alamo beds of New Mexico with description of the new dinosaur genus ''Kritosaurus''", ''Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History'' 28(24): 267-274〕 but this is a junior objective synonym.
The holotype, BMNH B.3386, was found in the Haţeg Basin in a layer of the Sânpetru Formation dating from the Maastrichtian, about 68 million years old, at the time part of the Haţeg Island, one of the islands of the European Archipelago. It consists of a skull with lower jaws.
In 1915 Nopcsa referred his species to the genus ''Orthomerus'', as an ''Orthomerus transsylvanicus''.〔F. Nopcsa, 1915, "Die dinosaurier der Siebenbürgischen landesteile Ungarns", ''Mitteilungen aus dem Jahrbuche der Königlich-Ungarischen Geologischen Reichsanstalt'' 23: 1-24〕 However, since the 1980s, ''Orthomerus'' has been considered a ''nomen dubium'', leading to a revival of the name ''Telmatosaurus''. Fragmentary hadrosauroid material from Spain, France and Germany, that had been referred to ''Orthomerus'', is now often assigned to ''Telmatosaurus'', but an identity is hard to prove; the same is also true of many Romanian fragments and eggs.〔F.M. Dalla Vecchia, 2006, "''Telmatosaurus'' and the other hadrosaurids of the Cretaceous European Archipelago. An overview", ''Natura Nascosta'' 32: 1-55〕
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