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Temoaya is a town and municipality in Mexico State, Mexico, It is located from Toluca and from Mexico City. It is known for its large ethnic Otomi population, the Centro Ceremonial Otomí and its tradition of making Persian style rugs using Mexican designs.〔 〕 The name “Temoaya” comes from the Nahuatl phrase “Temoayan” which means “place of descending.” The Aztec glyph which depicts the municipality shows footprints descending a mountain.〔 ==History== There have been humans in the Temoaya area since the prehistoric period. Remains from this time such as utensils, tools, human figures and mammoth bones have been found in various parts of the municipality. The Otomi have been living in this area since very far back in the pre-Hispanic era as one of the first ethnicities to live in the Valley of Mexico and northern Toluca Valley. There are archeological remains from this culture that date back at least as far as the pre-Classic era. Intense population of the Toluca Valley dates back to the 12th century, with the settlement of the Xiquipilco or Jiquipilco el Viejo site antecedent to modern Temoaya. No documents from this era survive but it is likely that modern Temoaya was the result of a division of Xiquipilco as it existed when the Aztecs came to the area at the end of the 15th century.〔 The Otomis of this region gained a reputation as fierce warriors over the pre-Hispanic period, fighting off the Toltecs, the Chichimecas under Xolotl and the Aztecs in the 15th century. Among the Aztecs, the Otomi also had a reputation of being barbarous, polygamous and sexually immoral. The Otomis of Xiquipilco fought against the Purépecha in 1462. Oral tradition states that until 1478, Tlilcuetzpalin, lord of the Otomi, defended the area from Aztec invasion, wounding Aztec emperor Axayacatl in battle.〔〔 The Otomi here were conquered in 1486 by Ahuizotl, but chafed under Aztec rule, occasionally scheming with the Purépecha to try and wrest more autonomy.〔〔 During the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, the Otomi here sided with the Spanish.〔 The first contact with the Spanish came in 1521, when Gonzalo de Sandoval was fighting against the Matlatzincas. Shortly the conquest, Frair Alonso Antonio Rangel began evangelization efforts in the area. The church established in Temoaya was dedicated to the Saint James. The area became part of the encomienda of Pedro Núñez, who divided much of the land into haciendas for other Spaniards.〔 The Spanish town of Temoaya was officially founded in 1593, although the population center for the area remained at Xiquipilco for some time. In the mid 16th century, Temoaya belonged to the jurisdiction of Xiquipilco although it had its own town council. By the end of the century, the area became an independent jurisdiction with old Xiquipilco completely abandoned. (The municipality now known as Jiquipilco was known in early colonial times as San Juan.〔 The raising of livestock on large haciendas made the areas one of the more prosperous in the areas, supplying much of the meat consumed in Mexico City. The Buenavista Hacienda alone extended over 4,000 hectares in the 17th century.〔 Until 1720, Temoaya was grouped ecclesiastically with San Juan (today Jiquipilco) and other towns. During that year, the church in Temoaya was granted parish status. This parish would roughly be the territory the municipality is now.〔 During the Mexican War of Independence, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla passed through Temoaya after the Battle of Monte de las Cruces. The municipality was erected in 1820 under the Cadiz Constitution. After Independence, authorities were elected by the municipal residents.〔 The municipality was refounded in 1870 when Mexico State lost a significant part of its territory to the states of Guerrero, Morelos and Hidalgo.〔 Economic and political turmoil during the rule of Porfirio Díaz forced many from Temoaya to move to Toluca, but most would return to Temoaya after the Mexican Revolution .〔 During the Mexican Revolution, a number of armed groups struggled over the territory. In 1914, a Zapatista group sacked areas of the municipality. After this event, 100 volunteers banded together under Higinio Guadarramo and Melesio Arzate to defend the town.〔 From the end of hostilities through most of the rest of the 20th century, much of the town’s public works were undertaken.〔 The production of hand-knotted rugs began here in 1970.(encmuc) Prior to rugmaking, the municipality had a reputation for weaving, making pre-Hispanic garments such as ayates, sashes, chincuetes and sarapes on backstrap looms.〔 Today, Temoaya is considered to be a center of the Otomi people as it has the most people of this ethnicity in Mexico State. In 1980, the Otomi Ceremonial Center was constructed in the municipality to preserve traditions and preserve Otomi identity.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Temoaya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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