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Neo-''völkisch'' movements, as defined by the historian Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, cover a wide variety of mutually influencing groups of a radically ethnocentric character which have emerged, especially in the English-speaking world, since World War II. These loose networks revive or imitate the ''völkisch'' movement of 19th and early 20th century Germany in their defensive affirmation of white identity against modernity, liberalism, immigration, multiracialism, and multiculturalism.〔Goodrick-Clarke 2002: 6.〕 Some identify as neo-fascist, neo-Nazi, or Third Positionist; others are politicised around some form of white ethnic nationalism or identity politics,〔 and may show right-wing anarchist tendencies.〔One example is the neo-tribalist paganism promoted by Else Christensen's Odinist Fellowship (Goodrick-Clarke 2002: 261).〕 Especially notable is the prevalence of devotional forms and esoteric themes, so that neo-''völkisch'' currents often have the character of new religious movements. Included under the neo-''völkisch'' umbrella are movements ranging from conservative revolutionary schools of thought (''Nouvelle Droite'', European New Right, Evolian Traditionalism) to white supremacist and white separatist interpretations of Christianity and paganism (Christian Identity, Creativity Movement, Nordic racial paganism) to neo-Nazi subcultures (Esoteric Hitlerism, Nazi Satanism, National Socialist black metal). ==Nazi Satanism== Among the terms used are Nazi Satanism and Fascist Satanism. Sometimes these groups self-identify as "Traditional Satanism" and consist of small groups in Norway, Britain, New Zealand and France, under names such as Black Order or Infernal Alliance, which draw their inspiration from the Esoteric Hitlerism of Miguel Serrano.〔Goodrick-Clarke 2002: 106.〕 ''Uww'', founder of black metal fanzine ''Deo Occidi'', denounced Anton LaVey as a "moderate Jew", and embraced the "esoterrorism" of the Scandinavian Black Metal milieu. Small Satanist grouplets catering to the black metal Satanist fringe include the Black Order, the Order of Nine Angles (ONA), the Ordo Sinistra Vivendi (formerly the Order of the Left Hand Path) and the Order of the Jarls of Baelder.〔Introvigne 2002: 148.〕 The chief initiator of Nazi Satanism in Britain has been alleged to be David Wulstan Myatt (b. 1950), active in neo-nazi politics from the late 1960s.〔Goodrick-Clarke 2002: 216.〕 The ONA was allegedly led by Myatt〔Goodrick-Clarke 2002: 218.〕 who converted to Islam in 1998, but renounced Islam in 2010〔http://www.davidmyatt.ws/biog.html#N11a〕 in favor of his own Numinous Way philosophy.〔Senholt, Jacob C: ''Political Esotericism & the convergence of Radical Islam, Satanism and National Socialism in the Order of the Nine Angles''. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Conference: Satanism in the Modern World, November 2009. ()〕〔( The Numinous Way of David Wulstan Myatt )〕 Myatt however has always denied any involvement with the ONA and Satanism, and repeatedly challenged anyone to provide any evidence of such allegations.〔Ryan 1994: 53.〕〔''The National-Socialist'' (March 1998, Thormynd Press, York, England).〕 The Order of Nine Angles "represent a dangerous and extreme form of Satanism" 〔Per Faxneld: ''Post-Satanism, Left Hand Paths, and Beyond'' in Per Faxneld & Jesper Petersen (eds) ''The Devil's Party: Satanism in Modernity'', Oxford University Press (2012), p.207. ISBN 9780199779246〕 and first attracted public attention during the 1980s and 1990s after being mentioned in books detailing Satanist and far right groups.〔〔Lewis 2001.〕〔Goodrick-Clarke 2002: 215-216.〕〔Ankarloo and Clark 1999: 113.〕 The ONA was formed in the United Kingdom, and rose to public note during the 1980s and 1990s. Presently, the ONA is organized around clandestine cells (which it calls ''traditional nexions'')〔(FAQ About ONA )〕 and around what it calls ''sinister tribes''.〔〔(Angular Momentum: from Traditional to Progressive Satanism in the Order of Nine Angles )〕〔(Sinister Tribes Of The ONA )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Neo-völkisch movements」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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