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Tengri (Old Turkic: 12px12px12px12px; Modern Turkish: Tanrı; Proto-Turkic *''teŋri / *taŋrɨ''; Mongolian script: , ''Tngri''; Modern Mongolian: Тэнгэр, ''Tenger''), is one of the names for the primary chief deity since the early Turkic (Xiongnu, Hunnic, Bulgar) and Mongolic (Xianbei) peoples. Worship of Tengri is Tengrism. The core beings in Tengrism are Sky-Father (Tengri/Tenger Etseg) and Earth Mother (Eje/Gazar Eej). It involves shamanism, animism, totemism and ancestor worship. ==Name== The oldest form of the name is recorded in Chinese annals from the 4th century BC, describing the beliefs of the Xiongnu. It takes the form 撑犁/''Cheng-li'', which is hypothesized to be a Chinese transcription of ''Tängri''. (The Proto-Turkic form of the word has been reconstructed as '' *Teŋri'' or '' *Taŋrɨ''.)〔Jean-Paul Roux, ''Die alttürkische Mythologie'', p. 255〕 Alternatively, a reconstructed Altaic etymology from '' *T`aŋgiri'' ("oath" or "god") would emphasize the god's divinity rather than his domain over the sky.〔(Sergei Starostin, Altaic etymology )〕 The Turkic form, ''Tengri'', is attested in the 11th century by Mahmud al-Kashgari. In modern Turkish, the derived word "''Tanrı''" is used as the generic word for "god", or for the Abrahamic God, and is used today by Turkish people to refer to God. The supreme deity of the traditional religion of the Chuvash is ''Tură''.〔Tokarev, A. et al. 1987–1988. Mify narodov mira.〕 Other reflexes of the name in modern languages include (モンゴル語:Тэнгэр) ("sky"), (ブルガリア語:Тангра), (アゼルバイジャン語:Tanrı). The Chinese word for "sky" 天 (Mandarin: ''tiān'', Classical Chinese: thīn〔(Starling Etymology )〕 and Japanese Han Dynasty loanword ''ten''〔) may also be related, possibly a loan from a prehistoric Central Asian language.〔The connection was noted by Max Müller in ''Lectures on the Science of Religion'' (1870).() Axel Schüssler (2007:495): "Because the deity Tiān came into prominence with the Zhou dynasty (a western state), a Central Asian origin has been suggested, note Mongolian ''tengri'' 'sky, heaven, heavenly deity'" (Shaughnessy ''Sino-Platonic Papers'', July 1989, and others, like Shirakawa Shizuka before him)."〕 According to Dimitrov (1987), Aspandiat is the name given to Tengri by the Persians.〔D.Dimitrov. Prabylgarite po severnoto i zapadnoto Chernomorie, Varna, 1987) (English summary of the monograph of Bulgarian historian Dimityr Dimitrov on the Early Medieval history of the Proto-Bulgarians in the lands north of the Black Sea )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tengri」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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