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The Tengwar〔It is a Quenya word which can be translated "letters"; see Lord of the Rings, Appendix E II Writing.〕 are an artificial script created by J. R. R. Tolkien. Within the fictional context of Tolkien's legendarium, the tengwar were invented by the Elf Fëanor, and used first to write the angelic tongue Valarin and the Elven tongues Quenya and Telerin. Later a great number of languages of Middle-earth were written using the tengwar, including Sindarin. Tolkien used tengwar to write English: most of Tolkien's tengwar samples are actually in English. == Fictional history and terminology == According to ''The War of the Jewels'' (Appendix D to ''Quendi and Eldar''), Fëanor, when he created his script, introduced a change in terminology. He called a letter, i.e. a written representation of a spoken phoneme (''tengwë'') a ''tengwa''. Previously, any letter or symbol had been called a ''sarat'' (from '' *sar'' "incise"). The alphabet of Rúmil of Valinor, on which Fëanor supposedly based his own work, was known as sarati. It later became known as "Tengwar of Rúmil". The plural of ''tengwa'' was ''tengwar'', and this is the name by which Fëanor's system became known. Since, however, in commonly used modes, an individual ''tengwa'' was equivalent to a consonant, the term ''tengwar'' in popular use became equivalent to "consonant sign", and the vowel signs were known as ''ómatehtar''. By loan-translation, the tengwar became known as ''tîw'' (singular ''têw'') in Sindarin, when they were introduced to Beleriand. The letters of the earlier alphabet native to Sindarin were called ''cirth'' (singular ''certh'', probably from '' *kirte'' "cutting", and thus semantically analogous to Quenya ''sarat''). This term was loaned into exilic Quenya as ''certa'', plural ''certar''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tengwar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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