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Terebovlia
Terebovlia ((ウクライナ語:Теребовля), (ポーランド語:Trembowla)) is a small city in the Ternopil Oblast (province) of western Ukraine, and the administrative center of the Terebovlya Raion (district). It is an ancient settlement that traces its roots to the settlement of Terebovl which existed in Kievan Rus. The name may also be variously transliterated as Terebovlya / Terebovla / Terebovlja. 〔()〕
The population census was 13,661; in 2012 there were 13,796 residents.〔Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2013 року. Київ: Державний комітет статистики України, 2013, s. 96.〕 In 1913 the city counted 10,000 residents, of which 4,000 were Poles, 3,200 were Ruthenians, and 2,800 were Jews. In 1929 there were 7,015 people, mostly Polish, Ukrainian and Jewish. Until September 17, 1939, the day of the Soviet invasion of Poland, Trembowla was a county seat within the Tarnopol Voivodeship of the Second Polish Republic. Prior to the Holocaust, the city was home to 1,486 Jews, and most of them (around 1,100) were shot by Germans in the nearby village of Plebanivka on April 7, 1943.
==History==
Terebovlia is one of the oldest cities in what is now Western Ukraine. It was first mentioned in chronicles of 1097 (Primary Chronicle). During the Red Ruthenia times it used to be the center of Terebovlia principality. It was called Terebovl ((ポーランド語:Trembowla)). Terebovlia principality included lands of the whole south east of Galicia, Podolia and Bukovyna. Polish King Casimir III the Great became the suzerain of Halych after his cousin's death, Boleslaw-Yuri II of Galicia, when the city became part of the Polish domain, being fully incorporated into Poland in 1430 during the reign of king Władysław II Jagiełło, while his son Casimir IV Jagiellon granted the town limited Magdeburg Rights.
After the rebuilding of the castle in Terebovlia in 1366, Poland (Podole Voivodeship) administered the town, until it became part of the system of border fortifications of the Polish Kingdom and later Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth against Moldavian and Wallachian transgressions. The town also later resisted against constant invasion by the Crimean Tatars, the Ottomans and later also the Zaporozhian Cossacks from the south and south-east. That is why the Terebovlya castle, monastery and churches, were all designed as defensive structures. This was the seat of the famous starost and most successful 16th-century anti-Tatar Polish commander Bernard Pretwicz, who died there in 1563. In 1594, the Ukrainian cossack rebel Severyn Nalyvaiko sacked the town.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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