|
(Polish: , (ドイツ語:Tierlitzko)) is a village in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has 4,202 inhabitants (2001 census) and Poles constitute 12.9% of the population. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. The village is made up of three administrative sections (formerly independent villages): Dolní Těrlicko (Polish: ''Cierlicko Dolne''), Horní Těrlicko (''Cierlicko Górne''), Hradiště (''Grodziszcze''). Among other parts of municipality there is also a former village of Kostelec (''Kościelec'').〔(Informace o obci Těrlicko )〕 == History == It was first mentioned in the document of Pope Gregory IX issued for Benedictine abbey in Tyniec in 1229 as ''Cierli(t)zko''.〔Hosák et al. 1980, 583-584.〕 Politically it belonged then to the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz and Castellany of Cieszyn, which was in 1290 formed in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland and was ruled by a local branch of Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg Monarchy. The village probably became a seat of a Catholic parish prior to the 16th century, and also a church in the hamlet of Kostelec/Kościolec was built. After the 1540s Reformation prevailed in the Duchy of Teschen both were taken over by Lutherans. They were taken from them (as two from around fifty buildings) in the region by a special commission and given back to the Roman Catholic Church on 24 March 1654. In the 16th century the division into two parts developed: Dolní Těrlicko (first mentioned in 1598 as ''na dolnim Tierliczku'') and Horní Těrlicko (first mentiond in 1613 as ''na hornim Tierliczku''). The area changed hands many times over the centuries, until in 1731 it became the property of the Larisch-Mönnich noble family, last noble owners of the village. The Larisch family opened the first coal mine in Karwina in 1798, and the local villagers slowly gave up their farming way of life. The first coal miners were often forcibly compelled to work. In 1926 a new era for the village began; noble families could no longer own municipalitites. After Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. The villages as a two separate municipalities were subscribed to the political and legal district of Cieszyn. According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of Dolní Těrlicko grew from 454 in 1880 to 617 in 1910 with a majority being native Polish-speakers (between 97.2% and 99.1%) accompanied by a few German-speaking persons (at most or 2.5% in 1890). In terms of religion in 1910 majority were Protestants (54.9%), followed by Roman Catholics (45.1%). In Horní Těrlicko the population dropped from 1452 in 1880 to 1390 in 1910 with a majority being native Polish-speakers (between 98.6% and 99.7%) accompanied by a few German-speakers (at most 10 or 0.7% in 1910) and Czech-speakers (at most 9 or 0.7% in 1910). In terms of religion in 1910 the majority were Roman Catholics (66.5%), followed by Lutherans (35.5%). The villages were also traditionally inhabited by Silesian Lachs, speaking Cieszyn Silesian dialect. After World War I, fall of Austria-Hungary, Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, the village, still divided into two municipalities, became part of Czechoslovakia. On 11 September 1932, well-known Polish aviators Stanisław Wigura and Franciszek Żwirko died at Kostelec in a tragic plane crash. Two weeks before, they had won the most prestigious aviation competition in Europe—''Le Challenge International Avions de Tourisme''. A mausoleum was built on the site of the crash in 1935, and crosses were erected. The mausoleum was demolished by the Nazis in 1940. In 1950 a new monument, known as ''Żwirkowisko'', was built which is there today. It is maintained by MK PZKO (Polish Cultural and Educational Union) Kościelec. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938 together with the Zaolzie region they were annexed by Poland, administratively adjoined to Cieszyn County of Silesian Voivodeship. They were then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia. After World War II the Těrlicko Dam was built on the Stonávka River, inundating 141 buildings, including many community buildings and a church. In 1964 Dolní Těrlicko and Horní Těrlicko were administratively joined to the village. Hradiště was joined in 1975. The first school in the village was established in the 13th century by the Benedictines. In 1705 a wooden Catholic school was built, and in 1794 a new Catholic school was built. In 1852 a Protestant school was built. Classes were conducted in German and later in Polish. A Czech school was built in 1920. There was a wooden Catholic church in the village. In 1769–1772 a new brick Baroque church was built, but it was destroyed during the dam's construction. There is also a St. Lawrence Church in Kostelec. When the original church building fell into decrepitude, a new one was built in its place in 1908. The Lutheran church in Těrlicko was built in 1966-1967 (the tower was built later). Těrlicko was eventually transformed into a village with many tourist attractions. Many recreational centres were built. The village is a popular spot for water sports. Image:Cierlicko-Dom Polski.jpg|Dom Polski Żwirki i Wigury (Polish House of Żwirko and Wigura), home of MK PZKO Kościelec Image:Zwirkowisko.jpg|Żwirkowisko monument Image:Cierlicko 1578.jpg|Polish elementary school Image:T%C4%9Brlicko_evang._kostel.JPG|Lutheran church Image:Cierlicko_1580.jpg|Orphanage 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Těrlicko」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|