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Terrorism in Uzbekistan is more prevalent than in any other Central Asian state. Prior to the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) posed the greatest threat to the Karimov administration. In 2002 the IMU was reclassified as terrorist by the United States. Since the invasion the IMU has been greatly weakened due to US military actions which cut off its supply of resources〔(Republic of Uzbekistan against terrorism: Approaches, experiences, prospects ) Geneva Center for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces〕 and killed its leader, Juma Namangani.〔(U.S.: Diplomat sees growing terrorism challenge in Central Asia ) RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty〕 The largest terrorist attacks were the 1999 Tashkent bombings, the IMU invasions of 2000-2001, and the Tashkent attacks of March and July 2004.〔 == State terrorism == After visiting Uzbekistan in 2002 the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture found torture and ill-treatment of prisoners to be systematic.〔(Uzbekistan ) Amnesty International〕 Human Rights Watch estimated in 2004 that there were over 6,000 Uzbeks in prison for practising Islam outside of the state-run religious establishment.〔(''Status of International Religious Freedom: An Analysis of the State Department's 2003 Annual Report'' ) Human Rights Watch〕 According to HRW, "In addition to hundreds of reports of beatings and numerous accounts of the use of electric shock, temporary suffocation, hanging by the ankles or wrists, removal of fingernails, and punctures with sharp objects, Human Rights Watch received credible reports in 2000 that police sodomized male detainees with bottles, raped them, and beat and burned them in the groin area. Male and female detainees were regularly threatened with rape. Police made such threats in particular against female detainees in the presence of male relatives to force the men to sign self-incriminating statements. Police also regularly threatened to murder detainees or their family members and to place minor children in orphanages. Self-incriminating testimony obtained through torture was routinely admitted by judges, who cited this as evidence, often the only evidence, to convict. Courts did not initiate investigations into allegations of mistreatment by police."〔(Uzbekistan, Human Rights Developments ) Human Rights Watch〕 Human rights organizations have detailed the improper "imposition of capital punishment" since Uzbekistan's independence.〔(Uzbekistan: Visits and Communications ) Project on Extrajudicial Executions, New York University School of Law〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Terrorism in Uzbekistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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