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Heave offering
A heave offering, or ''terumah'' ((ヘブライ語:תְּרוּמָה)), plural ''teramot'', is a kind of offering. The word is generally used in the positive sense of an offering to God, although sometimes it is also used in a negative sense, such as the ''ish teramot'', a "() judge who loves gifts". 〔Brown Driver Briggs Hebrew Lexicon entry for ''terumah'', citing Proverbs 29:4 "The king by judgment establisheth the land, but he that receiveth gifts overthroweth it."〕
In Chazalic literature it is listed as one of the twenty-four priestly gifts. The consumption of ''terumah'' is restricted by numerous Torah-based rules and could be eaten by priests, their families, and their servants. The ''terumah'' may be consumed only in a state of ritual purity.
This is also called the "great offering" (Hebrew ''terumah gedolah'' תרומה גדולה) which is, usually, a food item given to the Jewish priest, as a gift. The thirteenth-century French rabbi Hezekiah ben Manoah explains the adjective "great" (Hebrew ''gedolah'') to be because this ''terumah'' is the first of all tithes given on produce and thus is given from the "greatest quantity of produce" before any other gift is given.
==Etymology==
The feminine noun ''terumah,'' ("lifting up") comes from the verb stem, ''rum'' (רוּם), "high" or "to lift up."〔Sidrah Sparks: Talking Torah at the Table with Your Family p329 Rabbi Dov Peretz Elkins - 2010 "The word “Terumah” comes from the Hebrew root “rum” – meaning rise, or elevation"〕 The formation of terumah is parallel to the formation of the feminine noun "wave offering" ('tenufah' תְּנוּפָה) from the verb stem ''nuf'', "to wave," and both nouns, and both verbs, are found together in the third occurrence in the Hebrew Bible.〔Jewish antiquities: or, A course of lectures on the three first books p198 David Jennings, Philip Furneaux, Thomas Godwin - 1825 "This waving was of two kinds; one called terumah, from rum, elevatus est, which, they say, was performed by waving it perpendicularly upward and downward ; the other, tenuphah, from nuph, agitare, movere"〕 Consequently versions such as the King James Version have in a few verses translated "heave offering," by analogy with "wave offering":
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