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Tetration : ウィキペディア英語版
Tetration

In mathematics, tetration (or hyper-4) is the next hyperoperator after exponentiation, and is defined as iterated exponentiation. The word was coined by Reuben Louis Goodstein, from tetra- (four) and iteration. Tetration is used for the notation of very large numbers. Shown here are the first four hyperoperators, with tetration as the fourth (and succession, the unary operation denoted a' = a + 1 taking a and yielding the number after a, as the 0th):
#Addition
#:a + n = a + \underbrace_n
#::''n'' copies of 1 added to ''a''.
#Multiplication
#:a \times n = \underbrace_n
#::''n'' copies of ''a'' combined by addition.
#Exponentiation
#:a^n = \underbrace_n
#::''n'' copies of ''a'' combined by multiplication.
#Tetration
#: = \underbrace}}_n
#::''n'' copies of ''a'' combined by exponentiation, right-to-left.
Each operation is defined by iterating the previous one (the next operation in the sequence is pentation). Tetration is neither an elementary function nor an elementary recursive function.〔It is easy to prove that for every elementary function ''f'', there is a constant ''c'' s.t. f(x) \leq \underbrace}}_c. We can show (by using diagonal argument and above fact) that (c, x) \mapsto \underbrace}}_c is non-elementary, and so is tetration.〕
Here, succession (a' = a + 1) is the most basic operation; addition (a + n) is a primary operation, though for natural numbers it can be thought of as a chained succession of ''n'' successors of ''a''; multiplication (an) is also a primary operation, though for natural numbers it can be thought of as a chained addition involving ''n'' numbers ''a''; and exponentiation (a^n) can be thought of as a chained multiplication involving ''n'' numbers ''a''. Analogously, tetration (^a) can be thought of as a chained power involving ''n'' numbers ''a''. The parameter ''a'' may be called the base-parameter in the following, while the parameter ''n'' in the following may be called the ''height''-parameter (which is integral in the first approach but may be generalized to fractional, real and complex ''heights'', see below).
== Definition ==
For any positive real a > 0 and non-negative integer n \ge 0 , we define \,\! by:
: := \begin 1 &\textn=0 \\ a^a\right">)} &\textn>0 \end

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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