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Tetum ,〔Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student’s Handbook'', Edinburgh〕 also Tetun, is an Austronesian language spoken on the island of Timor. It is spoken in Belu Regency in Indonesian West Timor, and across the border in East Timor, where it is one of the two official languages. In East Timor a creolized form, Tetun Dili, is widely spoken fluently as a second language; without previous contact, Tetum and Tetun Dili are not mutually intelligible.〔http://www.ethnologue.com/language/tet〕 Besides the grammatical simplification involved in creolization, Tetun Dili has been greatly influenced by the vocabulary of Portuguese, the other official language of East Timor. ==History and dialects== Tetum has four dialects: *''Tetun-Dili'', or ''Tetun-Prasa'' (literally "city’s Tetum"), is spoken in the capital, Dili, and its surroundings, in the north of the country. ''Ethnologue'' classifies it as a Tetun-based creole. *''Tetun-Terik'' is spoken in the south and southwestern coastal regions. *''Tetun-Belu'', or the Belunese dialect, is spoken in a central strip of the island of Timor from the Ombai Strait to the Timor Sea, and is split between East Timor and West Timor, where it is considered a ''bahasa daerah'' or "regional language", with no official status in Indonesia, although it is used by the Diocese of Atambua in Roman Catholic rites. *The ''Nana'ek'' dialect is spoken in the village of Metinaro, on the coastal road between Dili and Manatuto. ''Tetun-Belu'' and ''Tetun-Terik'' are not spoken or well understood outside their home territories. ''Tetun-Prasa'' is the form of Tetum that is spoken throughout East Timor. Although Portuguese was the official language of Portuguese Timor until 1975, ''Tetun-Prasa'' has always been the predominant ''lingua franca'' in the eastern part of the island. In the fifteenth century, before the arrival of the Portuguese, Tetum had spread through central and eastern Timor as a contact language under the aegis of the Belunese-speaking Kingdom of Wehali, at that time the most powerful kingdom in the island. The Portuguese (present in Timor from c. 1556) made most of their settlements in the west, where Dawan was spoken, and it was not until 1769, when the capital was moved from Lifau (Oecussi) to Dili that they began to promote Tetum as an inter-regional language in their colony. Timor was one of the few Portuguese colonies where a local language, and not a form of Portuguese, became the lingua franca: this is because Portuguese rule was indirect rather than direct, the Europeans governing through local kings who embraced Catholicism and became vassals of the King of Portugal.〔("The languages of East Timor", by Dr. Geoffrey Hull, at the Timorese National Institute of Linguistics )〕 When Indonesia occupied East Timor between 1975 and 1999, declaring it "the Republic's 27th Province", the use of Portuguese was banned, and Indonesian was declared the sole official language, but the Roman Catholic Church adopted Tetum as its liturgical language, making it a focus for cultural and national identity.〔("Tetum and Other Languages of East Timor" ), from Dr. Geoffrey Hull's Preface to ''Mai Kolia Tetun: A Course in Tetum-Praca (The Lingua Franca of East Timor)''〕 When East Timor gained its independence on 20 May 2002, Tetum and Portuguese were declared as official languages. In addition to regional varieties of Tetum in East Timor, there are variations in vocabulary and pronunciation, partly due to Portuguese and Indonesian influence. The Tetum spoken by East Timorese migrants in Portugal and Australia is more Portuguese-influenced, as many of those speakers were not educated in Indonesian. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tetum language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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