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Th-stopping
''Th''-stopping is the realization of the dental fricatives as stops—either dental or alveolar—which occurs in several dialects of English. In some accents, such as some varieties of Irish English, Newfoundland English, New York City English, and Indian English, they are realized as the dental stops and as such do not merge with the alveolar stops . Thus pairs like ''tin''/''thin'' and ''den''/''then'' are not homophonous. In other accents, such as Caribbean English, Nigerian English, and Liberian English, such pairs are indeed merged.〔 ''Th''-stopping occurred in all continental Germanic languages, resulting in cognates such as German ''die'', "the", and ''Bruder'', "brother".
==New York City English==
For some New Yorkers, the fricatives and are pronounced as affricatives or stops, rather than as fricatives. Usually they remain dental, so that the oppositions and are not lost. Thus ''thanks'' may be pronounced , , ''or'' in decreasing order of occurrence; all are distinct from ''tanks''. The variant has a weakish articulation. The opposition may be lost, exceptionally in the environment of a following (making ''three'' homophonous with ''tree''), and in the case of the word ''with'', (so that ''with a'' may rhyme with the non-rhotic pronunciation of "bitter-bidder"; ''with you'' may be , following the same yod-coalescence rule as ''hit you''. These pronunciations are all stigmatized.
The opposition seems to be lost more readily, though not as readily as the "Brooklynese" stereotype might lead one to believe. As in many other places, initial is subject to assimilation or deletion in a range of environments in relatively informal and/or popular speech, e.g. ''who's there'' ; as in many other places, it is also subject to stopping ''there'' . This option extends to one or two words in which the is not initial, e.g. ''other'', which can thus become a homonym of ''utter-udder''. But it would not be usual for ''southern'' to be pronounced identically with ''sudden'' or ''breathe'' with ''breed''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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