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Thamesmead is a district of South East London, England, located in the London Boroughs of Greenwich and Bexley. It is situated east of Charing Cross, and includes a group of disparate developments, mainly social housing, built from the mid-1960s onwards, mostly on former marshland on the south bank of the River Thames, between the established towns of Woolwich and Belvedere. Originally planned to have 60,000-100,000 residents, it is now estimated to be on target for a final population of around 50,000.〔 == History == Most of the land area of Thamesmead previously formed about of the old Royal Arsenal site that extended over Plumstead Marshes and Erith Marshes. There is some evidence of prehistoric human occupation of the area: flints, animal bones and charcoal were found in bore holes around Western and Central Way in 1997 by the Museum of London Archaeological Service (MOLAS).〔(Museum of London Archaeological Service site summaries 1997 ), accessed 27 May 2008〕 In Roman times, the river level was significantly lower, and work by MOLAS in 1997 around Summerton Way revealed evidence of field ditches and pottery and quernstones from Germany dating from around the 3rd or 4th century. After the Roman era, river levels rose again and the area reverted to marshland.〔(Museum of London Archaeological Service site summaries 1997 ), accessed 27 May 2008〕 According to Hasted, some areas of this marshland were drained by 1279 by the monks of Lesnes Abbey. Between 1812 and 1816, a canal was built by convicts to take materials such as timber from the River Thames to Woolwich Royal Arsenal. Much of this canal has been filled in, but part remains in Thamesmead West and is now called the Broadwater.〔(Greater London Industrial Archaeology Society, notes from Bob Carr October 1992 ), accessed 27 May 2008〕 A disused lock gate and swing bridge over the canal still exist beside the River Thames.〔http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-398178-lock-and-swing-bridge-woolwich〕 Much of Thamesmead was initially built by the Greater London Council (GLC) for rent to families moving from overcrowded back-to-back Victorian housing (also referred to as slums) in south eastern parts of Inner London. The area had been inundated in the North Sea Flood of 1953, so the original design placed living accommodation at first floor level or above, used overhead walkways and left the ground level of buildings as garage space.〔 The first residence was occupied in 1968, but already there were rain penetration problems.〔 The pre-1974 parts of Thamesmead are a mix of modernist town houses, medium-rise and 12-storey blocks system-built in concrete, which have featured in various films due to their 'rough urban look'; the design of the newer buildings is more traditional and in brick.〔(Thamesmead, A Potted History, by Marc Anderson, on Greenwich 2000 website ), originally from Thamesmead Gazette July 1995, accessed 27 May 2008〕 When the GLC was abolished in 1986, its housing assets and the remaining undeveloped land were vested in a non-profit organisation, Thamesmead Town Limited (TTL). TTL was a private company with an unusual form of governance. Its nine executive directors were local residents; they periodically submitted themselves to re-election. In 2000, TTL was wound down and two new organisations were formed. In broad terms, Gallions Housing Association took over the ownership and management of the housing assets whilst Tilfen, later Tilfen Land, took over the remaining undeveloped land. Tilfen is jointly owned by Gallions and Trust Thamesmead.〔(Thamesmead History on Trust Thamesmead website ) accessed 27 May 2008〕 District heating and cable radio broadcasting were pioneered in Thamesmead. The District heating system was decommissioned around the year 2000; properties connected to it had wet radiator systems installed by the landlord. In 2015, two Housing Zones in Thamesmead were announced by the Mayor of London for delivery of 2,800 homes. The zones are Abbey Wood and South Thamesmead between Abbey Wood station and Southmere Lake, and Abbey Wood, Plumstead and Thamesmead.〔Mayor of London, http://www.london.gov.uk/media/mayor-press-releases/2015/02/mayor-names-londons-first-housing-zones〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thamesmead」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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