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Thamphthis is the hellenized name of an ancient Egyptian ruler (pharaoh) of the 4th dynasty in the Old Kingdom, who may have ruled around 2500 BC under the name Djedefptah for between two to nine years. His original Egyptian name is lost, but it may have been ''Djedefptah'' or ''Ptahdjedef'' ("he endures like Ptah") according to William C. Hayes.〔William C. Hayes: ''The Scepter of Egypt'', Band 1. p. 66; cifer: Jürgen von Beckerath: ''Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen'', pp. 53–54, 180.〕 Thamphthis is one of the shadowy rulers of the Old Kingdom, since he is completely unattested in contemporary sources. For this reason, his historical figure is discussed intensely by historians and egyptologists. == Background == Since Thamphthis' name was found in the historical works of Manetho, the ''Aegyptiacae'',〔William Gillian Waddell: ''Manetho (The Loeb classical library 350)''. pp. 47–49〕 egyptologists are trying to connect this ruler with contemporary kings to build up a continuous chronology, which resulted in controversies and debates. As early as 1887, Eduard Meyer viewed Thamphthis as a mere usurper, who was not allowed to be mentioned in royal annals or have his own mortuary cult because he gained the throne illegitimately.〔Eduard Meyer, Johannes Dümichen: ''Geschichte des alten Aegyptens''. page 114.〕 Peter Janosi goes further and says that Thamphthis is a fiction, due to the lack of archaeological support. He claims that Thamphthis should be erased from modern kinglists.〔Peter Janosi: ''Die Gräberwelt der Pyramidenzeit''. p. 151.〕 Winfried Seipel and Hermann Alexander Schlögl instead postulate that the historical figure behind Thamphthis could have been queen Khentkaus I.〔Wilfried Seipel: ''Untersuchungen zu den ägyptischen Königinnen der Frühzeit und des Alten Reiches''. pp. 189–190.〕 This theory is supported by Khentkaus being depicted in her mortuary temple as a ruling pharaoh with nemes-headdress, king's beard and uraeus-diadem on her forehead. But this theory is problematic since Khentkaus´ name never appears inside a serekh or royal cartouche.〔Hermann Alexander Schlögl: ''Das Alte Ägypten''. pp. 99–100.〕 Wolfgang Helck points out that Khentkaus I could have been the mother of Thamphthis, so Thamphthis would have been the son of king Shepseskaf. As a possible wife of Thamphthis he proposes a princess named Bunefer, who may have been the daughter of Shepseskaf. She was a priestess of Shepseskaf.〔Wolfgang Helck: ''Geschichte des Alten Ägypten''. pp. 57 & 61.〕〔Jánosi, Peter. "G 4712 - Ein Datierungsproblem." Göttinger Miszellen 133 (1993), pp. 56, 60–62.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thamphthis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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